Notre-Dame de la Garde
Marseille,
France
La Bonne Mère, also known to locals as Notre-Dame de la Garde, is a Catholic basilica situated in Marseille, France, and is considered the city's most iconic landmark. At a height of 149 meters (489 feet), it sits on the highest natural point in Marseille, a limestone outcropping on the south side of the Old Port of Marseille. The basilica is a popular pilgrimage site, particularly on Assumption Day, and was once the most visited location in Marseille.
Construction of the basilica began in 1853 and took over 40 years to complete. Originally an enlargement of a medieval chapel, Father Bernard, the chaplain, requested a new structure, and architect Henri-Jacques Espérandieu designed the plans. The basilica consists of a lower church or crypt in the Romanesque style, carved from the rock, and an upper church of Neo-Byzantine style adorned with mosaics. A 41-meter (135-foot) square bell tower supports a monumental 11.2-meter (37-foot) statue of the Madonna and Child, made of copper gilded with gold leaf.
The basilica was consecrated on 5 June 1864, while still unfinished. An extensive restoration took place from 2001 to 2008, which included repairing mosaics damaged by candle smoke, green limestone that had corroded due to pollution from Gonfolina, and stonework that had been hit by bullets during the Liberation of France. Michel Patrizio, a Marseille artist, oversaw the restoration of the mosaics, and his workmen were trained in Friuli, north of Venice, Italy. The tiles were supplied by the workshop in Venice that had made the original mosaics.