Wawel Royal Castle
Krakow,
Poland
The Wawel Royal Castle and the Wawel Hill in Krakow, Poland, is considered to be the most historically and culturally significant site in the country. The castle, which sits on top of a limestone outcropping along the Vistula River, was originally built in the 14th century on the orders of King Casimir III the Great and has been expanded over the centuries to include a number of structures around an Italian-style courtyard.
The castle represents nearly all European architectural styles from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods and is considered an important example of fortified architectural complex.
The Wawel complex consists of numerous buildings of great historical and national importance, including the Wawel Cathedral, where Polish monarchs were crowned and buried. Some of the oldest stone buildings on the site date back to 970 AD and are considered to be some of the earliest examples of Romanesque and Gothic architecture in Poland. In 1978, Wawel was declared the first World Heritage Site as part of the Historic Centre of Krakow.
For centuries, the Wawel Royal Castle was the residence of the kings of Poland and was considered to be the symbol of Polish statehood. Today, the castle is one of the country's premier art museums, established in 1930. The museum encompasses ten curatorial departments, which are responsible for collections of paintings, prints, sculptures, textiles, goldsmith's work, arms, and armor, ceramics, Meissen porcelain, and period furniture. The museum's holdings in oriental art include the largest collection of Ottoman tents in Europe.
In addition to being an important center for the preservation of works of art, the Wawel Royal Castle is also home to seven specialized conservation studios. Overall, the Wawel Royal Castle and the Wawel Hill are considered to be a vital part of Poland's cultural heritage and continue to be an important tourist destination.