Attractions

Situated in the heart of Warsaw, the Palace of Culture and Science is a remarkable skyscraper worth noting. Standing at 237 meters tall, it ranks as the second tallest structure in both Warsaw and Poland, behind only Varso. The Palace is the sixth-tallest building in the European Union (including spire), making it one of the highest on the continent. This iconic building, completed in 1955, houses a range of cultural and public institutions such as sports clubs, libraries, theatres, university faculties, cinemas, and authorities of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 2007, the Palace was added to the Registry of Objects of Cultural Heritage.

The Old Town Market Place in Warsaw, which is also known as "Rynek Starego Miasta" in Polish, is the oldest and central area of the city's Old Town, located in the capital of Poland. Unfortunately, it was deliberately destroyed by the German Army soon after the Warsaw Uprising. However, in the aftermath of World War II, efforts were made to rebuild the Old Town Market Place to its original prewar state. The careful restoration of the old town set a remarkable standard for transforming heavily damaged entities back to their original state. This commendable act of safeguarding historical integrity secured its recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The biggest park in Warsaw, Poland, which covers 76 hectares of the city center, is known as Łazienki Park or Royal Baths Park. Its Polish name is Park Łazienkowski or Łazienki Królewskie. This park-and-palace complex is situated in the central district of Warsaw (Śródmieście) on Ujazdów Avenue, which forms part of the Royal Route connecting the Royal Castle to Wilanów Palace in the south. Across Agrykola Street to the north of Łazienki Park is Ujazdów Castle.
Initially created as a park for baths for nobleman Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski in the 17th century, the park was transformed in the 18th century by Poland's last monarch, Stanislaus II Augustus, into a setting for palaces, villas, classicist follies, and monuments. The park was officially designated a public park in 1918.
Łazienki Park attracts tourists from Poland and all over the world and serves as a venue for music, the arts, and culture. The park is also home to a vast number of squirrels and peacocks.

The Royal Castle in Warsaw is a significant museum and historical monument, serving as the former residence for Polish monarchs and the location of their personal and administrative offices from the 16th century until the final partition of Poland in 1795.

Notre-Dame de Paris is a prominent medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in Paris. Celebrated for its French Gothic architecture, it boasts features like colorful rose windows, rib vaults, and flying buttresses. Construction began in 1163 and finished by 1260, though modifications continued for centuries. Damaged during the French Revolution, it saw events like Napoleon's coronation. Victor Hugo's “The Hunchback of Notre-Dame” renewed interest, leading to major restorations in the 19th century. It attracted 12 million visitors annually until a devastating fire in 2019 damaged its roof and spire. Restoration began in 2021, aiming to conclude by the 2024 Paris Olympics. The cathedral holds significant relics, including the Crown of Thorns and parts of the true cross, and is home to the cathedra of Archbishop Laurent Ulrich.

The Arc de Triomphe is a famous monument in Paris, located at the western end of the Champs-Élysées. It's in a place called Place Charles de Gaulle, which is in three different areas of the city. The monument is there to remember the people who died in the French wars. It's really big, 50 meters tall, 45 meters wide, and 22 meters deep.
It was built by Jean Chalgrin in 1806 and is part of a grand road and monument sequence in Paris. The monument shows pictures of young French people winning over German warriors, and it's a symbol of France. Before, it was the tallest arch like this in the world, but now there are taller ones in Mexico City and Pyongyang. There's also a big arch in La Défense, near Paris, which is even taller.

The Louvre in Paris is the world's most-visited museum. Covering 72,735 square meters, it displayed 38,000 objects in 2022 and welcomed 7.8 million visitors. Founded in the former Louvre Palace, originally a 12th-century fortress turned royal residence, it became a museum during the French Revolution, opening in 1793 with 537 paintings. Its collection expanded under Napoleon and subsequent donations, now boasting over 380,000 items in eight departments, such as Egyptian Antiquities and Paintings.

The Grand Palais, also known as the Great Palace of the Elysian Fields, is situated in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. This distinguished location houses a historical site, an exhibition hall, and a museum complex on the Champs-Élysées. Its construction began in 1897, after the demolition of the Palais de l'Industrie, to make way for the Universal Exposition of 1900. The Petit Palais and Pont Alexandre III were also constructed during this exposition.
The Grand Palais was designed as a grand venue for official artistic events, and a pediment on the building commemorates this purpose with an inscription that states, "a monument dedicated by the Republic to the glory of French art." The architecture reflects Beaux-Arts style, featuring intricate stone facades, glass vaults, and innovative materials like iron, light steel framing, and reinforced concrete.
As a historic monument, the Grand Palais is recognized by the Ministry of Culture.

The Avenue des Champs-Élysées stretches across the 8th arrondissement of Paris, spanning 1.9 kilometers in length and 70 meters in width. Its course begins at the Concorde Square in the east and ends at the Charles de Gaulle Square in the west, where the iconic Arc de Triomphe monument stands. Renowned for its theaters, cafes, and high-end stores, it serves as the final destination for the Tour de France cycling race and hosts the annual Bastille Day military parade. Often considered the most magnificent avenue globally, the Avenue des Champs-Élysées is a symbol of Parisian grandeur.
The street is traditionally divided into two halves. The first is a concentration of parks measuring 700 meters in length and 300 meters in width. The second half is exclusively commercial. It should be noted that beyond the Circular Square, the Champs-Élysées are completely devoid of park areas: now it's a continuous car track with sidewalks and a large number of stores from the world's most famous brands.

The Sagrada Família is an unfinished church in Barcelona, Spain, located in the Eixample district. It was designed by architect Antoni Gaudí and is considered part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The church is also the largest unfinished Catholic church in the world. In 1882, construction of the Sagrada Família began under architect Francisco de Paula del Villar, but after he resigned in 1883, Gaudí took over as the chief architect, infusing his own unique style that combines Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí devoted the rest of his life to the project, and he is buried in the church's crypt.
The construction of the Sagrada Família has been slow and was interrupted by the Spanish Civil War, during which anarchists from the FAI partially destroyed Gaudí's original plans. The site management was taken over in 1939, and construction resumed in the 1950s, progressing intermittently. Technological advancements have enabled faster progress, but the construction of ten spires, each symbolizing a significant Biblical figure, remains a significant challenge. The building was expected to be completed by 2026, the centenary of Gaudí's death, but the COVID-19 pandemic has caused delays.
Despite being unfinished, the Sagrada Família is a remarkable example of Gothic architecture and is considered a unique and extraordinary interpretation of the style. It has been described as impossible to find a church building like it in the entire history of art by art critic Rainer Zerbst, while Paul Goldberger considers it to be the most extraordinary personal interpretation of Gothic architecture since the Middle Ages. However, it is important to note that the Sagrada Família is not the cathedral church of the Archdiocese of Barcelona, as that title belongs to the Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia.

Morskie Oko, also known as Eye of the Sea in English, holds the title of being the largest lake in the Tatra Mountains and the fourth-deepest. Situated in the southern region of Poland, this remarkable body of water resides within the depths of Tatra National Park, nestled in the enchanting Rybi Potok (Fish Brook) Valley. Its location rests at the foot of the awe-inspiring Mięguszowiecki Summits, belonging to the majestic High Tatras mountain range in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Notably, in 2014, The Wall Street Journal bestowed upon this lake the distinction of being one of the world's five most breathtaking lakes.

The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel and built from 1887-1889. Often referred to as the "Iron Lady", it was the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Despite early criticism, it's now an iconic symbol of France and a major tourist attraction. Standing at 330 meters, it was once the world's tallest structure until the Chrysler Building in New York surpassed it in 1930. The tower has three visitor levels, with the highest observation deck at 276 meters. It receives millions of visitors yearly, making it the most visited paid monument globally.

Was a famous Polish boxing coach. He is widely regarded as the father of Polish boxing, and the founder of the so-called Polish Boxing School.
From 1923 to 1926, Stamm was a professional boxer for the Pentatron club in Poznan. He competed in 13 official fights, winning 11, drawing 1, and losing 1. In addition to these official fights, he also participated in approximately 30 show fights. In 1926, Stamm became a boxing coach at Warta Poznań and in 1932, he began working as a lecturer at the Central Institute of Physical Education in Warsaw (now the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw). In 1936, he became the independent coach for the Polish national boxing team. Stamm had already gained some experience with the national team, as he assisted foreign coaches in preparing the Polish boxers for their first official international match against Austria in 1928.

The Grób Nieznanego Żołnierza, also known as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, is a monument constructed to honor the unidentified soldiers who sacrificed their lives for Poland, and is considered the most significant national tomb of its kind in the country. Situated in Piłsudski Square, the monument is the only remaining structure of the Saxon Palace that occupied the site before World War II.

The Water Tower, also referred to as the Reservoir, was constructed during the time of Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski. Its purpose was to collect water from nearby sources and transport it to the Palace via pipes. This circular outbuilding, also known as the Rotunda, Round Tower, or Reservoir, was designed to collect water for the fountains located in the Palace on the Isle and the terrace in front of it. In 1823, architect Chrystian Piotr Aigner gave the Water Tower its current architectural form, which was inspired by the 1st century BCE Tomb of Caecilia Metella in Rome. During the reign of King Stanislaw August, the Water Tower served as housing for royal servants. Today, it houses an exhibition on the building's history and the importance of water in the functioning of Lazienki.

The Old Orangery is a rectangular horseshoe-shaped building that was constructed between 1786 and 1788. Its southern facade features pilasters and arcaded great windows that add to the building's aesthetic appeal. The building has two wings, with the west wing serving as quarters for gardeners and staff, while the larger east wing housed a theatre with a two-tiered entrance.

The amphitheater was constructed in 1785 as an open-air theater. In 1790, it was redesigned and rebuilt in stone by Jan Christian Kamsetzer. The theater consists of two sections: the audience and the stage, which are separated by a canal filled with water. It has a capacity of 950 spectators.

Stanisław Wyspiański was a multi-talented artist from Poland, known for his work as a playwright, painter, poet, interior designer, and furniture designer. He was born on January 15, 1869 and passed away on November 28, 1907.
As a patriotic writer, Wyspiański was a prominent figure in the Young Poland Movement. He is known for creating national dramas that incorporated modernist themes with elements of Polish folk tradition and Romantic history. He was one of the most influential and multi-talented artists of his time in Poland during the foreign partitions. He is often referred to as the Fourth Polish Bard, alongside Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, and Zygmunt Krasiński.

The White Pavilion was constructed in 1774-1776, based on a design by Domenico Merlini. It was the first garden pavilion to be built for King Stanisław August on the grounds at Łazienki Palace.
The White Pavilion was designed to be surrounded by canals, similar to Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski's 17th-century Bathhouse Pavilion on an island.
Remarkably, it has been preserved almost in its entirety, including its interior decorations and some of the furnishings. As a result, the White Pavilion stands as a rare and exceptional example of 18th-century residential architecture in Poland.

The building, which was constructed between 1852 and 1854 in Saski Garden, was originally intended to serve both as a water tower and a water tank. Saski Garden, which was transformed from a baroque layout into a landscape park around the same time, has undergone many renovations over the years, but the open nature of the park has unfortunately led to the constant devastation of the building's facade. Despite this, the building's ancient temple-like appearance adds charm to the Saski Garden.

The Tadeusz Kościuszko Monument in Warsaw is a tribute to Tadeusz Kościuszko, a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States, who was a general during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The statue can be found on Iron-Gate Square, in front of the Lubomirski Palace.

Sfera can stera - or "Sphere within a Sphere". Arnaldo Pamedoros monumenta sculpture consists of two spheres a smaller one within a larger one. This work belongs to a series of spherical compositions which are the artists most recognizable works.

The Park was founded by King August II the Strong in the period from 1713 to 1733. Both the palace and the nearby baroque garden were modeled on the "Saxon Axis". On May 1727, the park was opened to the public as the first public park in Poland.

The Manufaktura is a multifunctional complex located in Łódź, Poland that serves as a center for the arts, a shopping mall, and a leisure destination. It is a major tourist attraction in the city, featuring the largest public square in Łódź, which is used for cultural and sporting events.

The monument of Prince Józef Poniatowski is an equestrian statue located on Krakowskie Przedmieście Street in front of the Presidential Palace. The monument depicts Prince Józef Poniatowski, who lived from 1763 to 1813, seated on a horse and holding a sword in his right hand. The sculpture, created by Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1829, was inspired by the monument of Marcus Aurelius on the Capitoline Hill in Rome.

Tadeusz Kościuszko Monument in Łódź is a monument located on Plac Wolności in Łódź, at the end of Piotrkowska Street to the north.

The Museum of the City of Lodz is a renowned cultural institution situated in the Northern part of Lodz, Poland. Housed in the magnificent Palace of Poznansky, the museum offers visitors a unique opportunity to explore the rich history, culture, and art of the city. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating history of the Palace of Poznansky and the Museum of the City of Lodz, as well as the diverse range of exhibitions and educational programs offered by the museum.

In July 2022, a large, three-dimensional heart sculpture made by the artistic collective Sino Sculpture Group was placed at the intersection of Ogrodowa and Zachodnia Streets in front of the Puro Hotel in Łódź, Poland.

A bronze monument honoring the Women of the Warsaw Uprising was unveiled on the 77th anniversary of the end of the Uprising.
The monument, located in front of the entrance to the Krasiński Garden in Warsaw, depicts three women of different ages holding hands in solidarity and dignity. The inscription on the sculpture reads "To Women of the Warsaw Uprising" and was created by Monika Osiecka, who has previously created a sculpture at the grave of Kora Jackowska.
The idea for the monument came from the Foundation for Remembrance of the Heroes of the Warsaw Uprising, which oversaw its construction with support from the Association of Warsaw Insurgents. This is the third monument in the capital erected by social activists, following the unveiling of monuments to Gen. Zbigniew Ścibor-Rylski in August 2019 and Capt. Stanisław Jankowski in 2020.

Bolesław Prus was a renowned Polish author and a key figure in the Positivist movement. The writer was a leader of the Positivist movement, actively advocating for Poland's independence. He wrote numerous works, the most famous of which are the novels "The Doll", "Pharaoh", "The New Woman", and "The Establishment". Many of his works have been translated into numerous languages around the world.

Jan Twardowski, a revered Polish poet and priest, was known for his compassionate works exploring human and divine themes. He fought in World War II, gained fame with his 1960 book "The Sign of Trust", and received numerous awards. Twardowski died in 2006 and was buried in Warsaw's Temple of Divine Providence.

The monument is dedicated to the memory of Stefan Wyszyński, a prominent Polish leader and Primate of the Millennium, who is revered for his contributions to Poland and the Polish Church. The monument depicts Wyszyński sitting on an archbishop's throne in liturgical attire, deep in thought. At the base of the monument is a large slab on which people in Warsaw often leave flowers and candles as a sign of respect.

The monument to Józef Piłsudski - a monument to the commander and marshal of Poland, who played a key role in the country's struggle for independence. Józef Klemens Piłsudski was a Polish social and independence activist, soldier, politician, and statesman. He was the founder of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party and the Polish Military Organization. Piłsudski served as the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Army and as the Chief of State of Poland.

The Visitationist Church in Warsaw, dating back to 1651, embodies a storied past with its Baroque facade and Rococo interior, highlighted by a unique ship's prow-shaped pulpit. Notably, Fryderyk Chopin played its organ in the early 19th century. The church serves as a memorial to significant Polish figures, including Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, marking its significance in Poland's religious and cultural history.

The Potocki Mausoleum, located in Wilanów Park, is an impressive funerary art piece dedicated to Stanisław Kostka Potocki and his wife Aleksandra (nee Lubomirska) Potocka by their son Aleksander.
was designed in 1834 by Henryk Marconi and constructed between 1834-1836 by Jakub Tatarkiewicz and Konstanty Hegl, made entirely of sandstone. The mausoleum features a Neo-Gothic canopy with lions holding shields bearing the crests of the Potocki and Lubomirski families in each corner. The sarcophagus displays figures of the deceased and symbols of their virtues and interests are displayed around the sides. This mausoleum is a fitting tribute to two of Poland's most powerful, wealthy, and influential families.

The Rose Garden, located next to the south wing of the Palace, was commissioned by August and Aleksandra Potocki in 1855-1856 and designed by architect Bolesław Paweł Podczaszyński.

The Wilanow Palace, a magnificent Baroque royal residence, has a rich history dating back to April 23, 1677, when the village and surrounding lands were acquired by King John Sobieski III.

The Giraffe sculpture, made of acid-resistant stainless steel and standing at 13-meters tall, was placed in the Praga Park, located in the Nowa Praga district of Warsaw in 1981.
It was gifted to the park by the Warsaw Zoo specifically for children. The sculpture, created by artist Władysław Frycza, was designed to blend in with its natural surroundings.

It features small holes in place of the giraffe's "patches" where sparrows often build their nests.
Władysław Frycza also created a second giraffe sculpture, located at 140 Wolska Street in Warsaw, which was erected in 2010.
Since 2010, the Praga Północ District Office has been organizing summer chess tournaments near the sculpture on Sundays, starting from 2012.

Łódź Fabryczna - is the largest and most modern railway station in the city of Łódź, Poland. The initiative for its construction was taken by industrialist Karl Wilhelm Scheibler in 1865. The station was classified as a B category station under the old Polish classification system.
Located in the center of Łódź, it offers frequent trains to destinations such as Warszawa Wschodnia, Kraków, Częstochowa, and Tomaszów Mazowiecki via Koluszki. It was closed on October 16th, 2011 as part of a major redevelopment project to build a new railway station and transport interchange and reopened on December 11th, 2016.

Tenement house under Gutenberg - a historic tenement house located in Łódź at 86 Piotrkowska Street, originally belonging to Jan Petersilge.

On March 28, 2001, a foundation act for the construction of the Juliusz Słowacki monument was signed in the Presidential Palace. The document had previously been signed by Pope John Paul II. During the ceremony, President Aleksander Kwaśniewski established the Honorary Committee for the Construction of the Juliusz Słowacki Monument in Warsaw. The monument, created by artist Edward Wittig, was unveiled in 2001 in the location where the monument to Feliks Dzierżyński stood, which was demolished in 1989.

The Antoni Engel tenement house at Piotrkowska Street 3 in Lodz, Poland had its courtyard decorated with a mosaic of cut mirrors in different shapes. This project was created as a part of the "Lodz of Four Cultures" Festival in 2014. The artist behind this installation is Joanna Rajkowska.
The Rose Passage is a unique project by artist Joanna Rajkowska, which was inspired by her daughter's illness, Rose. The project involved gluing small pieces of mirrors on the walls of a tenement house located at 3 Piotrkowska Street. The mirrors covered all the walls of the backyard, creating a sparkling and vibrant space. The light-reflecting mosaic also creates an illusion of disjointed and distorted images, symbolizing the broken state of the retina of an eye. The project aims to encourage people to piece together the fragments of reality, much like how Rose had to reconstruct her own vision after chemotherapy.

In 2004, the 60th anniversary of the destruction of the Łódź Ghetto in 1944 and the last transport from Radegast prompted efforts to turn the former station into a Holocaust memorial.
On August 28, 2005, a monument was unveiled in memory of Jewish victims who were transported through the station. Designed by Czesław Bielecki, the monument features a 140-meter Tunnel of the Deported. The renovated station building now serves as one of the branches of the Łódź Museum of Independence.

The Radogoszcz Station in Łódź, Poland played a significant role in the Holocaust as it was the main point of departure for tens of thousands of Jewish people who were sent to death camps during the years 1942-1944.

The Jewish Cemetery of Lodz, established in 1892, was the largest Jewish necropolis in Europe at the time. The decision to create a new cemetery was made after residents of surrounding neighborhoods refused to allow the expansion of the old cemetery on Wesoła Street.
Industrialist and factory owner, Izrael Poznański, donated the first 10.5 hectares of land for the establishment of the cemetery. The outbreak of a cholera epidemic in 1892 forced the Tsarist authorities to accept the construction. The first people buried there were approximately 700 cholera victims.

Izrael Kalman Poznański was a prominent Polish-Jewish businessman and textile magnate in Łódź, Poland during the late 19th century. He was known as one of the "Kings of Cotton" in Łódź, alongside Ludwik Geyer and Karol Scheibler.

The Shoes on the Danube Bank is a memorial located in Budapest, Hungary that was built in 2005. Created by film director Can Togay and sculptor Gyula Pauer, it honors the Jews who were killed by fascist Hungarian militia during World War II. The victims were forced to take off their shoes before being shot and thrown into the Danube River. The memorial symbolizes the shoes that were left behind on the river bank.
The "Shoes on the Danube Bank" monument is situated on the Pest side of the Danube Promenade, near the intersection of Zoltan Street and the Danube River, about 300 meters south of the Hungarian Parliament and close to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The monument, created by a sculptor, features sixty pairs of iron shoes that pay homage to the 3,500 people, including 800 Jews, who were shot into the Danube during the Arrow Cross regime's reign of terror in 1944-45. The shoes are attached to the stone embankment, and behind them is a 40-meter-long, 70-cm-high stone bench. Cast iron signs with the text, "To the memory of the victims shot into the Danube by Arrow Cross militiamen in 1944-45," in Hungarian, English, and Hebrew, are located at three points. The monument was erected on April 16, 2005.

The Town Hall Tower in Kraków is a prominent feature of the Main Market Square in the Old Town district. It is the only remaining part of the original Kraków Town Hall, which was demolished in 1820 as part of a city plan to expand the Main Square. The tower's basement was previously used as a city prison, including a Medieval torture chamber.

The sculpture "Eros Bound" by Igor Mitoraj is one of the most controversial monuments in Poland, located in the historic center of Krakow, on the Market Square.

Adam Mickiewicz, a leading Polish poet, is commemorated by a statue in Kraków, unveiled in 1898 and restored in 1955. A national icon in Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus, his monument is a focal point for cultural and social traditions.

Saint Mary's Basilica (Kościół Mariacki) is the main city cathedral of Krakow, located on the Main Market Square. The basilica is a vivid example of Gothic architecture, or more precisely, of the southern brick Gothic style. Since 1962, it has had the title of minor basilica. The basilica is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The Kraków Cloth Hall is a jewel of Renaissance architecture, and the oldest shopping center in Kraków. It is situated in the main market square of the Kraków Old Town, which has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1978.

The "Underground Market" Museum in Krakow is a fragment of medieval Krakow discovered by archaeologists between 2005 and 2010, located under the city's market square and covers an area of 4,000 square meters. The construction of the museum began in 2009 with a budget of 4 million US dollars. It was opened to the public on September 24th, 2010, and its main exhibition "In the Footsteps of Krakow's European Identity" debuted on September 27th, 2010.

The Wawel Royal Castle and the Wawel Hill in Krakow, Poland, is considered to be the most historically and culturally significant site in the country. The castle, which sits on top of a limestone outcropping along the Vistula River, was originally built in the 14th century on the orders of King Casimir III the Great and has been expanded over the centuries to include a number of structures around an Italian-style courtyard.
The castle represents nearly all European architectural styles from the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods and is considered an important example of fortified architectural complex.
The Wawel complex consists of numerous buildings of great historical and national importance, including the Wawel Cathedral, where Polish monarchs were crowned and buried. Some of the oldest stone buildings on the site date back to 970 AD and are considered to be some of the earliest examples of Romanesque and Gothic architecture in Poland. In 1978, Wawel was declared the first World Heritage Site as part of the Historic Centre of Krakow.
For centuries, the Wawel Royal Castle was the residence of the kings of Poland and was considered to be the symbol of Polish statehood. Today, the castle is one of the country's premier art museums, established in 1930. The museum encompasses ten curatorial departments, which are responsible for collections of paintings, prints, sculptures, textiles, goldsmith's work, arms, and armor, ceramics, Meissen porcelain, and period furniture. The museum's holdings in oriental art include the largest collection of Ottoman tents in Europe.
In addition to being an important center for the preservation of works of art, the Wawel Royal Castle is also home to seven specialized conservation studios. Overall, the Wawel Royal Castle and the Wawel Hill are considered to be a vital part of Poland's cultural heritage and continue to be an important tourist destination.

The Wawel Dragon Statue is located at the base of Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland and commemorates the mythical Wawel Dragon. It was installed in 1972 and is able to breathe fire on command.

The Wawel Cathedral, also known as the Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus, is a historic Roman Catholic cathedral located on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland. With a history dating back almost 1000 years, it is part of the Wawel Castle Complex and is a national sanctuary, having served as the coronation site for Polish monarchs.
The Gothic cathedral located on the current site is the third iteration of the building. The first cathedral was built in the 11th century but was later destroyed. The second cathedral, constructed in the 12th century, met a similar fate as it was destroyed by a fire in 1305. The construction of the current cathedral began in the 14th century under the direction of Bishop Nanker. Throughout the centuries, the building underwent numerous expansions and renovations under different rulers, resulting in its unique and diverse architectural style. The cathedral features elements of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, and Neogothic styles in both its exterior and interior. The exterior of the cathedral boasts side chapels and ornate mausoleums, with the most notable being the golden-domed Sigismund's Chapel.
The cathedral serves as the official seat of the Archbishop of Kraków and the Archdiocese of Kraków. It is considered a symbol of Polish statehood and faith, and it plays host to important religious events and annual celebrations. Karol Wojtyła, who later became Pope John Paul II, celebrated his first Mass as a priest at the Wawel Crypt in the cathedral on November 2nd, 1946. He was also ordained Kraków's auxiliary bishop in the cathedral on September 28th, 1958.

The Sigismund's Chapel, located in the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, Poland, is a royal chapel built as a final resting place for the last members of the Jagiellonian Dynasty. Considered by many art historians as a masterpiece of Tuscan Renaissance, it was financed by King Sigismund I the Old and constructed between 1519-1533 by Italian architect Bartolomeo Berrecci.
The chapel, built with a square base and a golden dome, serves as the final resting place for its founder King Sigismund, as well as King Sigismund II Augustus and Anna Jagiellon. Inside, the tombs are adorned with sculptures, stuccos, and paintings crafted by some of the most renowned artists of the time, such as architect Berrecci, Georg Pencz, Santi Gucci, and Hermann Vischer.
Considered by many art historians as a masterpiece of Tuscan Renaissance, it was financed by King Sigismund I the Old and constructed between 1519-1533 by Italian architect Bartolomeo Berrecci.

The Oskar Schindler Enamel Factory in Krakow, known as the Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik (DEF), was initially a metal item factory before becoming the first Malopolska factory for enamelware and metal products in March 1937.

The Collegium Maius, meaning "Great College" in Latin, is the oldest building of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland. It dates back to the 14th century and is located at the corner of ulica Jagiellońska and ulica Świętej Anny, near the Main Square of the historic city center.
The building now houses the Jagiellonian University Museum, which was established by Professor Karol Estreicher after extensive restoration work that took place between 1949 and 1964, returning the building to its original appearance before 1840.
The Collegium Maius Museum boasts lecture halls, communal spaces, professors' living quarters, a library, and a treasury showcasing Gothic maces belonging to former rectors and the Jagiellonian globe. The museum also displays medieval scientific instruments, globes, paintings, collectibles, furniture, coins, and medals.

The Old Town neighbourhood of Poznań is centered around the Old Market Square (Stary Rynek), which is a large square that measures approximately 140 meters on each side.

The Poznań Town Hall is a historic building in the heart of Poznań's Old Town and Old Market Square. It served as the city government seat until 1939 and now is a museum. It was built in the late 13th century and rebuilt in its current mannerist style by Giovanni Battista di Quadro in the 16th century. It features an ornate loggia. The daily noon mechanical goat fight display on its front clock wall is a popular tourist attraction.

The Rogalowe Muzeum Poznania is a unique and interactive museum located in the heart of Poznań, at 41 Stary Rynek. The museum is dedicated to preserving and promoting the 150-year-old tradition of baking St. Martin's croissants, a staple of Poznań culture and history.
Visitors to the museum will have a one-of-a-kind experience, where they can learn how to make croissants using the original recipe and method.
In addition to showcasing the art of croissant making, the museum also aims to promote the rich cultural heritage of Poznań, including the Poznań dialect and the famous goats on the tower of the Town Hall. These elements are what make Poznań unique and are celebrated at the Rogalowe Muzeum Poznania.
The museum was founded by Szymon Walter, who saw the importance of preserving the heritage of St. Martin's croissants and wanted to create a space where visitors could learn about the history and tradition of these delicious pastries. Overall, the Rogalowe Muzeum Poznania offers a fun and educational experience for visitors, and is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the culture and history of Poznań.

The Imperial Castle in Poznań, known locally as Zamek, is a palace built in 1910 for German Emperor William II by architect Franz Schwechten, with input from the Emperor. It has served as government offices for Germany (1910-1918, WWII) and Poland (1918-1939, 1945-present).

St. Mary's Church, also known as the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a historic Catholic church located in the heart of Gdańsk, Poland. It is one of the largest brick churches in the world, with an estimated volume between 185,000 and 190,000 cubic meters.
The church has a rich history, having been used for both Catholic and Lutheran services from 1536 to 1572. During this time, it was the second largest Lutheran church in the world. Today, St. Mary's Church serves as a co-cathedral in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gdańsk, along with the Oliwa Cathedral.
Measuring 105.5 meters in length and 66 meters in width, the church can hold up to 25,000 people. It boasts an aisled hall design with a transept, making it a grand and awe-inspiring structure.

The Neptune's Fountain, a 17th-century mannerist-rococo landmark, stands at the Długi Targ in Gdańsk, in front of the Artus Court entrance. Known as "Krësztof" by the Kassubians, the historic fountain is one of the city's most recognizable features

Established in 2008 in Gdańsk, Poland, the Museum of the Second World War is a state cultural institution and museum dedicated to the Second World War. The exhibits opened in 2017, with the building being designed by the Kwadrat architectural team, who won the architectural competition for the museum.

Ulica Mariacka is a street in Gdańsk in the Main Town, running through the historical Mariacki District. In terms of the division of the Main Town into quarters, Ulica Mariacka was considered part of the Kog Quarter.
The street starts at the Basilica of St. Mary and runs parallel towards the Motława and the closing Mariacki Gate. The street is closed to wheeled traffic. Midibuses of bus line 100 cross the street.

Centennial Hall, formerly known as Hala Ludowa, is a historic building in Wrocław, Poland built by architect Max Berg between 1911-1913 when the city was part of the German Empire.
It was designed to serve as a multi-purpose structure for exhibitions, concerts, performances, and sports events and continues to host various events such as sports, business summits, and concerts. The building is considered an early example of reinforced concrete architecture and has been designated as a national Historic Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

The Market Square in Wrocław, Poland is a historic marketplace that dates back to the rule of Polish Duke Henry I the Bearded between 1214 and 1232.

The Racławice Panorama is a 15 x 114 meter cycloramic painting located in Wrocław, Poland, depicting the Battle of Racławice in the Kościuszko Uprising. It is a rare example of 19th-century mass culture and the oldest of its kind in Poland.
The painting is displayed in a circular fashion, allowing the viewer to see different scenes from various angles while standing in the center. Its use of perspective and added effects, such as lighting and artificial terrain, enhance the feeling of reality.

The St. John the Baptist Cathedral in Wrocław serves as the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław and is a prominent landmark in the city. Situated in the Ostrów Tumski district, the cathedral features Gothic architecture with Neo-Gothic additions and is the fourth church to have been built on its location.

The Wrocław Zoological Garden, commonly referred to as the Wrocław Zoo, is located on Wróblewskiego Street in the city of Wrocław, Poland. This zoo is a landmark in the country as it is the oldest one in Poland, with a history dating back to 1865 when it was established as the Breslau Zoological Garden during the Prussian era.
The Wrocław Zoo is a vast and diverse collection of wildlife, housing over 10,500 animals of 1,132 different species, making it the third largest zoological garden in the world in terms of the number of animal species. The zoo's popularity is unmatched in Poland, being the most visited one in the country, and ranking fifth in Europe in terms of the number of visitors.
The Wrocław Zoo is a recognized member of two prestigious organizations in the zoological world - the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), further solidifying its position as a world-class facility for animal care and preservation.

The Wrocław National Museum, founded on March 28, 1947 and officially opened on July 11, 1948, is a major branch of the National Museum of Poland and boasts one of the largest collections of contemporary art in the nation.

The Wrocław Multimedia Fountain is located in Wrocław, western Poland and is a musical fountain with a pond for decoration. It operates only during summer, from late April/early May to late October.
The Wrocław Multimedia Fountain is a magnificent sight to behold and is located in the historic Wrocław exhibition ground. This iconic landmark is situated next to the early modernist Centennial Hall and is surrounded by the Wrocław Pergola, making it a popular tourist attraction.
Constructed in 2009, it is one of the largest operating fountains in Europe, covering an area of 1 hectare (110,000 sq ft). The fountain features over 300 jets that work in tandem with music and light to create a mesmerizing water show, making it a true multimedia spectacle. A computerized program controls the animated water shows, which are truly a sight to behold, especially during the night-time shows when the fountain is illuminated by 800 computer-programmed coloured lights.
When winter comes, the Wrocław Fountain is drained and transformed into a 4,700 square metre (51,000 sq ft) ice skating rink, providing visitors with a unique experience. The rink is a popular spot for both tourists and locals, making the Wrocław Multimedia Fountain a versatile landmark that is enjoyed all year round.

A cathedral with a rich Protestant history stands near the market square in the city center, attracting attention with its two towering spires and the bridge connecting them, along with two legends.

The St. Mary Magdalene Church in Wrocław, Poland is a Gothic church established in the 13th century and located near the central market square between Szewska and Laciarska streets. It serves as a cathedral of the Polish Catholic Church, led by Piotr Mikolajczak.

The Pawiak Tree Monument is a bronze memorial located in the courtyard of the Pawiak Prison Museum at Dzielna Street in Warsaw. It was officially revealed on June 8, 2005, and represents a replica of a white elm tree that stood in the same location from the early 20th century until November 2004. The monument features plaques encircling the trunk, which pay tribute to the victims of Pawiak prison during the German occupation.

A memorial stone marks the passing of Pope John Paul II and is located near the street that bears his name, in close proximity to Pawiak.
This place is a must-visit for those wishing to pay homage to the highly esteemed Polish Pope who served a remarkable twenty-year papacy. His pontificate remains a source of pride for many.

The Krasiński Palace, commonly referred to as the Palace of the Commonwealth, is a Baroque palace located on Krasiński Square in Warsaw, Poland. Originally built for the Krasiński family between 1677 and 1683, the palace was severely damaged during WWII and was rebuilt in the mid-20th century.

The Warsaw Uprising Monument located on the southern side of Krasiński Square, honors the 1944 Warsaw Uprising. Sculpted by Wincenty Kućma and designed by architect Jacek Budyn, it was unveiled in 1989. Described as "the most important monument of post-war Warsaw," it is a popular tourist destination, attracting many foreign visitors, according to Gazeta Wyborcza (2012).
The Monument to the Warsaw Uprising is located on the southern side of Krasiński Square in Warsaw, Poland. It was constructed in 1999, with the building of the Supreme Court of Poland located directly behind it. The monument is made of bronze and is approximately 10 meters tall. It consists of two distinct parts: the larger element depicts a group of insurgents actively engaged in battle, with the abstract representation of a collapsing building in the background. The smaller element depicts insurgents descending into a manhole, which refers to the use of Warsaw's sewer system during the uprising. The monument is a reference to the evacuation of 5300 resistance fighters from the city's Old Town to the city center, which started from Krasiński Square and involved a five-hour journey through the sewer system.
The realistic style of the monument has received mixed reactions, with some praising its comparison to a still from a movie or a historical painting, while others criticize its socrealist style. There have also been critical opinions that the monument is "defeatist" and was a gesture of reconciliation by the passing communist government that came too late. A 2013 analysis indicated that the monument is in need of renovation, due to deterioration caused by atmospheric pollutants.
The Monument to the Warsaw Uprising is part of a memorial triptych, along with the Monument to the Defenders of the Polish Post Office in Gdańsk and the Monument to the Fallen in Defense of the Homeland in Częstochowa.

The Evangelical Reformed Parish in Warsaw is located at Aleja Solidarności 74 in Warsaw and is a Polish Reformed church.

Park Cytadela is situated on the grounds of Fort Winiary, which was a 19th-century military fortress located to the north of the city center. The park comprises a military museum, military cemeteries, and remnants of the fortifications that once stood on the site.
The park is situated in the Stare Miasto district of Poznań and is located south of the Winogrady neighborhood. The Park Cytadela and its historical significance have earned it recognition as one of Poland's official National Historic Monuments. This designation was granted on November 28, 2008 and is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. The site's inclusion in this prestigious list reflects its importance as a part of Poland's rich cultural and historical heritage.

The Citadel in Poznań has a collection of outdoor sculptures located in its central area, near the Museum of Armaments, referred to as "Unrecognized".
Magdalena Abakanowicz's "Unrecognized" is a large-scale open-air project featuring 112 anthropomorphic figures made of cast iron. The figures, each over two meters in height, are positioned in a seemingly chaotic formation on the surrounding lawn, with their silhouettes appearing to move in different directions. Despite the lack of heads and hands, these figures still convey a strong message and evoke emotions in viewers.
Photographer Maciej Kulesza describes the figures as "a mythical crowd" that speaks to the issues of life, dignity, courage, and survival. They symbolize the presence of man in today's world, with each figure representing a unique trace of humanity and moving in a different direction. The figures were assembled and unveiled in 2002, initiated by Professor Jarosław Maszewski and funded by the VOX-Artis Foundation.
The creation of the figures was a collaborative effort between Abakanowicz and a team of artists and technicians, including Professor Anna Goebel, Tomasz Piątkowski, and Ryszard Cubal. The figures were produced at the Iron Foundry in Śrem between 2001 and 2002, with additional funding provided by the Foundation for the 750th Anniversary of the Location of the City of Poznań.

The Muzeum Broni Pancernej CSWL, abbreviated as the Museum of Armored Weapons, is a military vehicle collection housed at the Land Forces Training Center in Poznań, Poland and named after Hetman Stefan Czarniecki.
The museum boasts the biggest assortment of armored combat vehicles in Poland, showcasing approximately 60 vehicles from the WWI, interwar, WWII, and Cold War eras. It was closed to visitors in 2018 and re-opened in early 2019 at a new location.

The St. Peter and St. Paul Archcathedral Basilica in Poznań is a historic church, dating back to the 10th century and is the oldest cathedral in Poland. It is located on Ostrów Tumski island to the northeast of the city center.

The Wilson Park is home to a historic Palm House, which is over a hundred years old and one of the largest of its kind in Europe.
The Palm House was designed by S. Cybichowski in 1929 and underwent extensive renovations in the period of 1982 to 1992. With its impressive collection of 17 thousand plants from 700 different species and subspecies originating from a variety of climates such as the Mediterranean, subtropical, tropical, savannah and desert, the Palm House has become a renowned institution in Europe.
Furthermore, visitors can enjoy the sounds of exotic birds living in the Palm House, listen to the tranquil sound of flowing water, and admire a variety of exotic fish swimming in tanks and ponds. The building is comprised of 9 large rooms, where exhibitions are organized based on the different climate and plant zones, including tropical, subtropical, moderate, American succulent, water plants, tropical forest floor, savanna, xerophytes of the Old and New World, and fish tanks.
In addition to the Palm House, the Wilson Park also features a public air raid shelter that was built in 1944 for Germans residing in the luxurious apartment buildings on Matejki Street. This historical facility was only uncovered in 1998 during the renovation of Wilson Park and the Palm House. Visitors are only able to tour the air raid shelter with a guide.

The New Zoo in Poznań is a renowned zoological garden, located on Biała Góra in the SIM Malta area of Poznań. Established in 1974, it is the second largest zoo in Poland, spanning 120.68 hectares of forested hills, and featuring six large ponds that make up over 13 hectares, creating a natural habitat for the animals.
The New Zoo is particularly known for its extensive collection of birds of prey and owls, considered one of the richest in Europe. The zoo opened its doors on the 100th anniversary of the Old Zoo at ul. Zwierzyniecka, becoming an integral part of the Zoological Garden in Poznań. As of January 10, 2016, Ewa Zgrabczyńska has served as the director of the New Zoo.

Porta Posnania, also known as Brama Poznania ICHOT, is an interactive museum located in the city of Poznan, Poland. It is dedicated to the history of Cathedral Island, the oldest district of the city, and the role it played in the formation of the Polish Statehood.
The museum was officially opened on May 1, 2014 and consists of two main parts: the main concrete building located on the Śródka side and the 19th century Cathedral Lock, which are connected by a glass footbridge over the river Cybina.
The Porta Posnania is a brand of the Poznan Historical Heritage Center, a local cultural institution that is responsible for preserving the history and cultural heritage of Poznan. The museum serves as the residence of this cultural institution and is a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning about the rich history and cultural heritage of the city of Poznan.
Visitors to Porta Posnania can expect to experience a unique and interactive journey through the history of Cathedral Island and the role it played in the formation of the Polish Statehood. With the use of modern technology and innovative exhibitions, the museum provides a dynamic and engaging experience for visitors of all ages and backgrounds. Whether you are a history enthusiast or simply looking to learn more about the city of Poznan, Porta Posnania is a must-visit destination.

The Golden Gate, also known as Złota Brama in Polish and Langgasser Tor in German, is a historically significant Renaissance city gate located in the heart of Gdańsk, Poland. It is part of the Royal Route, the most important area of the city center and a major tourist attraction.

The Long Market, also known as Długi Targ in Gdańsk, Poland, is a highly notable tourist destination in the city. It is located at the end of Long Lane (Ulica Długa) and adjacent to the Green Gate.

Westerplatte is a historic location in Gdańsk, Poland, situated at the point where the Baltic Sea meets the Dead Vistula River. This peninsula was home to a Polish Military Transit Depot (WST) from 1926 to 1939 and was located within the boundaries of the Free City of Danzig (present-day Gdańsk).
Westerplatte is particularly famous for the Battle of Westerplatte, which was the first encounter between Polish and German forces during the invasion of Poland. This battle marked the start of World War II and is widely considered as the opening salvo of the war. The Battle of Westerplatte lasted for seven days and resulted in significant losses for the Polish defenders, who held off the German assault for an extended period of time. Despite their bravery, the Polish forces were eventually overcome by the superior firepower of the German army, but the Battle of Westerplatte remains a symbol of Polish resistance and bravery in the face of adversity.

The European Solidarity Centre, located in Gdańsk, Poland, is a museum and library dedicated to preserving the history of the Polish trade union and civil resistance movement, Solidarity, and other anti-Communist movements in Eastern Europe. It was opened on August 31, 2014.

The Archcathedral Basilica of the Holy Trinity, located in Oliwa, Gdańsk, Poland, is a church dedicated to the Holy Trinity. Commonly referred to simply as the Oliwa Archcathedral in Gdańsk.

The Amber Museum in Gdańsk, Poland, is a unique and dedicated institution that showcases the beauty and significance of amber. As the first museum in the country that is entirely focused on amber, it holds a vast collection of exhibits related to this precious gemstone.
The museum offers visitors a comprehensive understanding of amber, from its natural state to its extraction and trade routes. Additionally, it explores the various uses of amber in different fields, including medicine and art.
One of the most remarkable collections in the Amber Museum is the historic examples of amber art, which were crafted in Gdańsk during the 17th and 18th centuries. These pieces are some of the most exquisite examples of amber art in the world and are a highlight of the museum. These works of art showcase the creative and technical abilities of the artisans of the time and are a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Gdańsk.
Visitors to the Amber Museum in Gdańsk can expect to see a wide range of exhibits, from raw, uncut pieces of amber to intricately carved sculptures and jewelry. They can learn about the various methods of extraction, the history of trade routes, and the unique properties of amber that have made it so valuable throughout history. They will also discover the various uses of amber in different fields, such as medicine, where it was believed to have healing properties, and as a magical stone, where it was thought to bring good luck and protection.
In conclusion, the Amber Museum in Gdańsk is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the world of amber. With its comprehensive collection of exhibits, visitors can immerse themselves in the beauty and significance of this remarkable gemstone and learn about its fascinating history and cultural significance.

The Crane Gate is a landmark port crane located at the end of Szeroka Street in Gdańsk. It sits on the Motława River and is one of the city's water gates. The crane is part of the National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk and is considered the largest and oldest preserved medieval port crane in all of Europe.
The Crane is a historic gate located in a place of unknown origin that dates back to 1363. A Latin mention of a "caranum crane" was recorded in 1367. The Crane was built in its current form between the years 1442 and 1444, featuring two massive brick towers and a wooden crane mechanism. The structure was later expanded and has a Flemish Gothic style, although the facades of the gate facing the Motława and the city appear different.
In the early 17th century, the Crane lost its military significance and over time, the brick towers were converted into workshops and inhabited spaces. Window openings were added during renovations. The crane served as a crucial port device, primarily used for loading goods and ballast onto ships and erecting the masts of vessels. It was powered by people walking inside two pairs of treadmill wheels with a diameter of approximately six meters each. The mechanism was capable of lifting a weight of two tons to a height of 27 meters or, when both pairs of wheels were combined, four tons to a height of 11 meters.
However, in 1945, the crane was set on fire during the capture of the city by the Red Army and the wooden part was destroyed. The remaining walls were reconstructed in the late 1950s, and on December 18, 1959, the crane was officially recognized as a monument and entered into the register of monuments.

The Szczytnicki Park in Wrocław, Poland is a sprawling 10 square kilometer park located in the eastern part of the city, near Plac Grunwaldzki and the old Oder river. The park has a rich history and is home to many unique and interesting sights.
The land that the park now sits on was first recorded in 1204, when Duke Henryk I the Bearded gifted the village of Stitnic to the monastery of St. Vincent. The village was home to farmers, fishermen, and craftsmen who produced shields for the duke's army. In 1318, the monks sold the village to the city council and it became known as Szczytniki.
By the 18th century, the forest in Szczytniki was already a popular destination for the residents of Wrocław. In 1783, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen purchased the land and transformed it into one of the first English-style parks on the European continent. Unfortunately, the park was devastated by French soldiers during a siege of the city.
Today, the park is home to many notable attractions, including the Japanese Garden (Wrocław), which was created for the World's Fair of 1913 and later restored by a Japanese foundation. The park was partially destroyed by the 1997 flood, but has since been reconstructed. Another notable feature of the park is the wooden church from the turn of the 17th century, originally from Stare Koźle.

The Warsaw Rising Museum, located in the Wola district of Warsaw, Poland, is a monument to the bravery and sacrifices made by the fighters of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.
This important historical event is remembered and honored through the museum, which was established in 1983 but remained a construction site for many years before finally opening its doors to the public on July 31, 2004. This date marked the 60th anniversary of the uprising and was a significant moment for the city and its people.
The museum is dedicated to conducting research and preserving the history of the uprising and the Polish Underground State. To achieve this, the museum collects and maintains a vast array of artifacts and memorabilia from the period, including weapons used by the fighters, personal letters, and other objects that offer insights into the lives and experiences of the people who took part in the uprising.
One of the museum's primary goals is to create an archive of historical information on the uprising and to document the stories and memories of surviving participants. These stories and memories provide valuable perspectives on this significant moment in history and help to keep alive the legacy of those who fought and died during the uprising.
The museum is directed by Jan Ołdakowski, with Dariusz Gawin, a historian from the Polish Academy of Sciences, serving as his deputy. The Warsaw Rising Museum is also a member organization of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience, which brings together institutions dedicated to preserving the memories of historical events and promoting awareness of their significance.

Piotrkowska Street is a significant landmark in Łódź, Poland, known for being one of the longest commercial thoroughfares in Europe, stretching approximately 4.2 km. As the city's main artery, it has become a popular tourist destination, attracting people from all over to experience its unique atmosphere and cultural charm.
The street runs in a straight line between Liberty Square and Independence Square, serving as the central axis around which the city developed over time. Initially, it served as a highway, but as the city grew, it transformed into a shopping and leisure hub, where the bustling life of the growing industrial area could be observed. After World War II, the street fell into disrepair, but it was revitalized in the 1990s, becoming a pedestrian precinct that functions like a market square in other cities.
Today, Piotrkowska Street is known for its unique combination of historical buildings, urban planning, institutions, restaurants, clubs, and pubs, which all contribute to its unique and vibrant atmosphere. This atmosphere has earned the street a reputation for having a "cult" character, with many people coming from outside of Łódź just to experience it.

The St. Florian's Gate, also known as the Florian Gate, located in Kraków, Poland, is a renowned Gothic tower that serves as a symbol of the city's Old Town. The tower was constructed in the 14th century using "wild stone" as a rectangular fortress to defend Kraków against potential Tatar invasions.

The Poznań Royal Castle (in Polish: Zamek Królewski w Poznaniu), established in 1249 under Przemysł I, is a historic landmark located in the city of Poznań. Despite suffering significant damage during World War II, portions of the castle have been reconstructed and restored.

The Gdańsk Main Town Hall, also known as the Ratusz, is a magnificent example of Gothic-Renaissance architecture located in the Śródmieście borough of Gdańsk Main City. Standing at the intersection of Ulica Długa and Długi Targ, it is situated in the heart of Gdańsk and is considered one of the city's most popular landmarks. This historic building also serves as the home of the History Museum of the City of Gdańsk.

Tumski Bridge, or Most Tumski, is a steel bridge located in Wrocław, Poland, spanning over the north branch of the Oder river. The bridge was constructed in 1889 as a replacement for an old wooden bridge connecting Ostrów Tumski and Wyspa Piaskowa.
Originally named Dombrücke, it was later renamed as Tumski Bridge. The bridge has a rich history, having been a road bridge for many years before being converted into a pedestrian-only bridge.
Tumski Bridge, also referred to as Lovers Bridge, Cathedral Bridge, and Green Bridge, has become a favored spot for romantics. The bridge is adorned with love locks left by couples who wish to commemorate their love. It is customary for couples to throw the key to their lock into the Odra river, making it a unique and romantic tradition.
In 1992, Tumski Bridge underwent extensive renovations, during which the original deck covering of Zores sections was replaced with an orthotropic deck. Today, the bridge remains an important landmark in Wrocław, both for its historical significance and its place in local culture as a symbol of love and romance.

The Japanese Garden in Wrocław was established from 1909-1913 as an exotic garden for the Centennial Exhibition. Situated in Szczytnicki Park, it neighbors the Centennial Hall.
The garden boasts nearly 270 types of woody plants, including 78 species of Asian plants, 38 of which are native to Japan, such as Styrax japonicus. It is a significant attraction of Wrocław.

Hydropolis is a water-focused science center located in Wrocław, Poland, that uses various technologies to educate visitors about the role of water in the environment, its importance to humans, and the history of human interactions with water.
The center is situated in a 4600 square meter historic neo-Gothic underground reservoir that was initially used for drinking water from its construction in the 1890s. It was owned by the city's Municipal Water and Sewage Company and was added to the register of monuments in 2002. After being taken out of use in 2011, the reservoir was renovated to create Hydropolis, which opened in 2015.
The aim of Hydropolis is to show water from various fascinating perspectives using a combination of multimedia technologies, interactive installations, faithful replicas and models, and touch screens providing extensive information. Its exhibition is divided into several thematic areas, including The Planet of Water, The Depths, The Ocean of Life, Relaxation Zone, Man and Water, The History of Water Engineering, The City and Water, The States of Water, along with a children's zone and a temporary exhibition zone. The center is entirely accessible for people with disabilities.
In addition to its exhibition, Hydropolis provides educational workshops for children from kindergarten through secondary school age.

The Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel and St. Florian the Martyr, commonly referred to as St. Florian's Cathedral, is a minor basilica and Roman Catholic church honoring St. Florian. It is situated on 3 Floriańska Street in the Praga-Północ district of Warsaw.
St. Florian's architecture features two 20-story towers facing Solidarity Avenue in a Gothic Revival style, topped with bronze spires. Its exterior is mostly constructed from red brick, and its entrances are adorned with mosaic depictions of Jesus Christ and the emblem of the first bishop of Warszawa-Praga diocese, Kazimierz Romaniuk. The interior is decorated with red or white plaster and brick.
St. Florian's serves as the cathedral church for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Warszawa-Praga and was granted the title of minor basilica by the Holy See in 1992. The diocese, which encompasses 1,274 square miles and serves around one million Polish Catholics across 160 parishes, has a ministry consisting of over four hundred priests.

The Copernicus Science Centre is a science museum located on the Vistula River in Warsaw, Poland. With over 450 interactive exhibits, the Centre allows visitors to conduct experiments and explore scientific concepts on their own.
As the largest institution of its kind in Poland and one of the most advanced in Europe, it has attracted over 8 million visitors since its opening in 2010.
The Centre's building was constructed in multiple stages. The first module opened on November 5, 2010, and included five galleries: On the Move, Humans and the Environment, Roots of Civilization, Lightzone, and Bzzz!. RE:generation, an exhibit for teenagers, opened on March 3, 2011, and was followed by the planetarium The Heavens of Copernicus on June 19, the Discovery Park on July 15, the chemistry laboratory on October 18, the biology laboratory on November 15, the robotics workshop on December 6, and the physics laboratory on December 20.
Since 2008, the Copernicus Science Centre has co-organized the Science Picnic with Polish Radio, which is Europe's largest outdoor science popularization event. In 2011, the Centre hosted the ECSITE conference, one of the most significant events in the world for science centres and museums.

The bronze statue of Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus stands located in front of the Staszic Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście. It was designed by Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1822 and completed in 1830.

The Holy Cross Church in Warsaw is a notable Baroque Catholic house of worship located on Krakowskie Przedmieście, opposite the main Warsaw University campus. It is currently administered by the Missionary Friars of Vincent de Paul.

The Cyprian Godebski designed Neo-Classical Adam Mickiewicz Monument stands in honor of the poet on Krakowskie Przedmieście in the Śródmieście district of Warsaw. Its construction took place between 1897 and 1898. The statue is 4.2 meters tall. By July 1897, funds for its construction had been raised through donations from the citizens, and the imperial authorities had given their consent for its construction.

The Centre Pompidou, or the Centre national d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidou (translated as the National Georges Pompidou Centre of Art and Culture), is a complex structure situated in the Beaubourg neighborhood of Paris's 4th arrondissement, close to Les Halles, rue Montorgueil, and the Marais. It follows the high-tech architectural style and was designed by the team of Richard Rogers, Su Rogers, Renzo Piano, and Gianfranco Franchini.
The facility comprises the Bibliothèque publique d'information (Public Information Library), an extensive public library; the Musée National d'Art Moderne, the largest museum of modern art in Europe; and IRCAM, a center for music and acoustic research. The local populace refers to it as Beaubourg because of its location. It was named after Georges Pompidou, France's President from 1969 to 1974, who initiated its construction, and was officially opened on January 31, 1977, by President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.
In 2021, the center drew 1.5 million visitors, a 65 percent increase from the previous year but a significant decline from 2019 due to COVID-related closures. Since its opening in 1977, it has welcomed over 180 million visitors, with more than 5,209,678 visitors in 2013, including 3,746,899 for the museum.
In 2012, the sculpture Horizontal by Alexander Calder, a 7.6 m (25 ft) tall free-standing mobile, was erected in front of the Centre Pompidou.

The Musée d'Orsay, situated on the Left Bank of the Seine in Paris, France, is a museum that occupies the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station constructed from 1898 to 1900. This museum primarily features French art from 1848 to 1914, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, and photography. It boasts the world's most extensive collection of Impressionist and post-Impressionist masterpieces, showcasing works by renowned painters like Berthe Morisot, Claude Monet, Édouard Manet, Degas, Renoir, Cézanne, Seurat, Sisley, Gauguin, and van Gogh. Prior to its opening in 1986, many of these pieces were held at the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume. With its vast collection and size, it ranks among the largest art museums in Europe.
Although the museum had a significant increase in visitors from 1.4 million in 2021 to 3.2 million in 2022, it was still behind its pre-COVID-19 pandemic numbers of 3.6 million visitors in 2019. In 2020, it ranked fifteenth on the list of the most-visited art museums.

The Luxembourg Garden, also known as Jardin du Luxembourg in French and colloquially referred to as Jardin du Sénat or Senate Garden, is situated in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France. The garden's origins date back to 1612 when Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV, built the Luxembourg Palace as her new residence. Today, the garden is owned by the French Senate, which uses the Palace as its meeting place. Spanning 23 hectares (56.8 acres), the garden is famous for its lush lawns, tree-lined walkways, tennis courts, colorful flowerbeds, and octagonal Grand Bassin that features model sailboats. Additionally, the garden boasts the picturesque Medici Fountain, constructed in 1620. The name Luxembourg is derived from the Latin Mons Lucotitius, which refers to the hill on which the garden is situated.

The de la Concorde Square is the central square of Paris, a prominent monument of urban planning from the era of Neoclassicism. Located on the right bank of the Seine, in the city center between the Champs-Élysées (to the west) and the Tuileries Garden (to the east), it is the second largest square in France (after the des Quinconces Square in Bordeaux). Originally named after King Louis XV, it was renamed the de la Révolution Square after the overthrow of the monarchy, where public executions were carried out using the guillotine. Notable figures executed here include Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and Maximilien Robespierre. The square was given its current name in 1795 as a symbol of reconciliation between classes following the end of the revolutionary terror. In 1937, the square's ensemble was listed as a historical monument in France.
At the center of the square stands the 23-meter Luxor Obelisk, gifted to France in 1831 by the Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali. The obelisk, around 3300 years old, is adorned with hieroglyphs that describe the reigns of Pharaohs Ramesses II and Ramesses III.

Located in the seventh arrondissement of Paris, France, the Champ de Mars is a vast public greenspace situated between the Eiffel Tower to the northwest and the École Militaire to the southeast. The park's name is derived from the Campus Martius ("Mars Field") in Rome, which honors the Roman god of war, as the lawns in this area were once used for military training and marching by the French military.
The Champ de Mars can be easily accessed through several Métro stations, including La Motte-Picquet–Grenelle, École Militaire, and Champ de Mars-Tour Eiffel, as well as a disused station, also named Champ de Mars, which is located nearby.

The Pont Alexandre III is a picturesque deck arch bridge that crosses over the Seine River in Paris, linking the Champs-Élysées neighborhood with the Invalides and Eiffel Tower areas. Considered by many as the most intricate and lavish bridge in the city, it has earned the distinction of being recognized as a French monument historique since 1975.

The Sainte-Chapelle, a royal chapel on the Île de la Cité in Paris, is a Gothic masterpiece from the Rayonnant era, commissioned by King Louis IX in 1238 to house his Passion relics, including Christ's Crown of Thorns. Surviving the 2019 Notre-Dame fire, it's one of the oldest buildings of the Capetian royal palace, notable for its 13th-century stained glass. Despite damage during the French Revolution and later restoration, it now operates as a museum under the French Centre of National Monuments and is considered one of the most beautiful small-sized Gothic churches.

La Bonne Mère, also known to locals as Notre-Dame de la Garde, is a Catholic basilica situated in Marseille, France, and is considered the city's most iconic landmark. At a height of 149 meters (489 feet), it sits on the highest natural point in Marseille, a limestone outcropping on the south side of the Old Port of Marseille. The basilica is a popular pilgrimage site, particularly on Assumption Day, and was once the most visited location in Marseille.
Construction of the basilica began in 1853 and took over 40 years to complete. Originally an enlargement of a medieval chapel, Father Bernard, the chaplain, requested a new structure, and architect Henri-Jacques Espérandieu designed the plans. The basilica consists of a lower church or crypt in the Romanesque style, carved from the rock, and an upper church of Neo-Byzantine style adorned with mosaics. A 41-meter (135-foot) square bell tower supports a monumental 11.2-meter (37-foot) statue of the Madonna and Child, made of copper gilded with gold leaf.
The basilica was consecrated on 5 June 1864, while still unfinished. An extensive restoration took place from 2001 to 2008, which included repairing mosaics damaged by candle smoke, green limestone that had corroded due to pollution from Gonfolina, and stonework that had been hit by bullets during the Liberation of France. Michel Patrizio, a Marseille artist, oversaw the restoration of the mosaics, and his workmen were trained in Friuli, north of Venice, Italy. The tiles were supplied by the workshop in Venice that had made the original mosaics.

The National Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations is situated in Marseille, France. It was opened on June 7, 2013, as a component of Marseille-Provence 2013, a year when Marseille was chosen as the European Capital of Culture. The museum was honored with the Council of Europe Museum Prize in 2015.

The Palais Longchamp is a monument located in Marseille, France. It was built in the late 19th century to commemorate the construction of the Canal de Marseille, which brought water to the city from the River Durance. The monument was designed by the architect Henry Esperandieu and was inaugurated in 1869.

The Marseille Cathedral, situated in Marseille, is a significant national monument of France and a Roman Catholic cathedral. Since 1896, it has held the status of a minor basilica. The Archdiocese of Marseille is headquartered here, having previously been known as the Diocese of Marseille until its promotion in 1948.

Parc Borély, situated in Marseille, France, is a municipal park accessible to the public. It has been recognized by the Ministry of Culture as one of France's notable gardens. The park is spread over 17 hectares and is located adjacent to the Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel.

Situated approximately 1.5 kilometers (7⁄8 mile) off the coast of Marseille in southeastern France, the Château d'If is a fortress located on the Île d'If, which is the smallest island in the Frioul archipelago. Initially constructed in the 16th century, it was primarily used as a prison until the late 19th century. Following its demilitarization, the fortress was made accessible to the public in 1890. It has gained significant fame for being featured in Alexandre Dumas's adventure novel, The Count of Monte Cristo.

The Abbey of Saint-Victor, situated in Marseille, southern France, was established in the late Roman era and named after Victor of Marseilles, a revered soldier saint and martyr. Today, it is a historical site that no longer functions as an abbey.

Situated at the terminus of Marseille's primary thoroughfare, the Canebière, lies the historic Old Port of Marseille. Serving as the city's natural harbor since ancient times, the Old Port has evolved into the bustling heart of Marseille, attracting visitors and locals alike. Notably, in 2013, the area was predominantly converted into a pedestrian zone, cementing its status as Marseille's premier public space.

La Vieille Charité, located in the historic Panier neighborhood of Marseille in southern France, was originally built as an almshouse. Today, it serves as both a museum and cultural center. The Baroque-style structure was designed by architect Pierre Puget and constructed between 1671 and 1749. It consists of four ranges of arcaded galleries spanning three stories, enclosing a central space with a chapel at its center topped by an ovoid dome.

The Basilique Notre-Dame de Fourvière, also known as the Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière, is a small basilica located in Lyon, France. Its construction took place between 1872 and 1896, entirely funded by private sources, and it stands prominently atop a hill overlooking the city. Interestingly, the site on which it was built was once the Roman forum of Trajan, which was known as the "forum vetus" or "old forum" in French, leading to the inverted corruption of its name to "Fourvière".
Perched atop the Fourvière hill, the basilica dominates the skyline of Lyon and has become a symbol of the city. The basilica offers guided tours and houses a Museum of Sacred Art, attracting 2 million visitors annually. Visitors can climb the north tower for a breathtaking 180-degree view of Lyon and its surroundings, including the distant Mont Blanc, Europe's highest peak.

The Lyon Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a renowned Roman Catholic church. The Lyon Cathedral is over 9 centuries old. It stands in the Old Town and, as part of it, is included by UNESCO in the World Heritage List.
The cathedral houses 14th-century astronomical clocks, among the oldest in the world.
Adjacent to the cathedral is the "archaeological garden" with the remains of two other 11th-century churches (Saint Stephen and the Holy Cross), destroyed during the French Revolution, as well as excavations of an early Christian baptistery from the 4th century.

The Museum of Confluences, situated in Lyon's 2nd arrondissement in France, is a science and anthropology museum that officially opened on December 20, 2014. It forms part of the Confluence quarter's extensive redevelopment project and is situated at the confluence of the Rhône and Saône rivers' southern end, near the A7 motorway. The building features a deconstructivist architectural style, which has been compared to a floating cloud of stainless steel and glass, and was designed by the Austrian firm Coop Himmelb(l)au.

Located in the heart of Lyon, France, to the north of the Ainay district, Place Bellecour is a vast square that spans 312 m by 200 m (62,000 m² or 15 acres). It is renowned for being one of the largest open squares in Europe, devoid of any greenery or trees, and the third biggest square in France, after the Place des Quinconces in Bordeaux (126,000 m²) and the Place de la Concorde in Paris (86,400 m²). Notably, it is also the largest pedestrian square in Europe, unlike the Place de la Concorde and Place des Quinconces where vehicles are permitted.
At the center of the square stands a remarkable equestrian statue of King Louis XIV, created by François-Frédéric Lemot in 1825. On the western end of the square stands another statue of the Petit Prince and Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Additionally, two pavilions are situated on the square that houses the Lyon tourist information office and an art gallery.
Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Place Bellecour is an iconic attraction in Lyon that visitors should not miss.

Located in the heart of Old Lyon, the Museum of Miniatures and Cinema is a unique destination in France that offers visitors the chance to explore two rare and unusual art forms.
In addition to the special effects section, the Museum of Miniatures and Cinema also offers an exclusive collection of miniature scenes by Dan Ohlmann. These micro-scenes are true-to-scale 1/12 reproductions of living spaces that are incredibly realistic. Visitors can admire over 1,000 masterpieces of patience and dexterity created by miniature artists from all around the world.
The museum is housed in the prestigious 16th-century House of Lawyers and features vast sets that were used in various film productions. Visitors can admire a rich collection of authentic objects from major European and American film studios.
Seven educational rooms are dedicated to illustrating the special effects techniques used in cinema. These rooms are filled with miniatures, animatronics, masks, prosthetics, robots, costumes, creatures, and monsters of all kinds. With more than 450 legendary films on display, visitors can dive into the secrets of cinema's backstage and learn about the art of cinematic special effects.

The Théâtre antique de Lyon, also known as the Ancient Theatre of Fourvière, is a Roman amphitheater situated on the Fourvière hill in Lyon, France. This historic site is located at the heart of the former Roman city and is included as part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site that safeguards Lyon's old town.
The construction of the theatre occurred in two phases. Initially, a 90-meter diameter theatre was built next to the hill approximately 15 BC. Later, in the early 2nd century, a final construction added an additional audience area, increasing the diameter to 108 meters and providing seats for 10,000 individuals.
While primarily serving as a tourist attraction in present times, the theatre remains a vital cultural venue, hosting the annual Nuits de Fourvière festival.

The Place des Terreaux can be found in the heart of Lyon, France, situated on the Presqu'île between the Rhône and Saône rivers, and at the base of the La Croix-Rousse hill in the 1st arrondissement. It is adjacent to both the Hôtel de Ville and the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon. This square is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site zone.

The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, also known as the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, is a municipal fine arts museum located in the French city of Lyon near the Place des Terreaux. Housed in a former Benedictine convent that was active during the 17th and 18th centuries, the museum underwent restoration between 1988 and 1998, remaining open to visitors throughout the renovation. Its collections span from ancient Egyptian antiquities to Modern art, making it one of Europe's most significant museums. In addition, the museum regularly hosts noteworthy exhibitions, such as showcases of works by Georges Braque and Henri Laurens in the latter half of 2005, and a display of the works of Théodore Géricault from April to July 2006. It is among France's largest art museums.

The Archcathedral of Saint John in Warsaw is a Roman Catholic church located adjacent to the Jesuit Church. Świętojańska Street, which leads from Castle Square to the Old Town, is named in honor of this cathedral. The cathedral was built in 1390 in the style of brick Gothic. It was the site of coronations of kings and presidential oath-taking ceremonies. It also houses the graves of many significant figures in Polish history. While Warsaw has three major cathedrals, Saint John's is the only one to hold the title of an archcathedral. Along with the Old Town, UNESCO has designated this church as a World Heritage Site. Today, the Church of Saint John the Baptist serves as the main temple of Warsaw and occupies one of the foremost places in the consciousness of the Polish people.

The Church of the Gracious Mother of God, also referred to as the Jesuit Church, is a splendid church located on Świętojańska Street, near St John's Cathedral. This temple is recognized as one of the most prominent examples of mannerist-style architecture in Warsaw.

The barbican in Warsaw, known as the Warsaw Barbican is a semicircular fortified outpost that has survived as one of the few remnants of the extensive historic fortification system that once surrounded the city. Situated between the Old and New Towns, it has become a significant tourist destination.

Located at Castle Square in Warsaw, Sigismund's Column was first erected in 1644 and is renowned as one of Warsaw's most iconic landmarks. This secular monument, the first of its kind in modern history, was created to honor King Sigismund III Vasa, who had relocated Poland's capital from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596.

The Saint Anne's Church is a Catholic temple, built at the beginning of the 16th century on the site of a burned-down Gothic church. The church was erected with funds from Princess Anna Radziwill according to the design by Michal Enkinger. It has been rebuilt several times, so now its facade is decorated in the style of classicism, and the interior decoration has baroque forms. Particularly valuable are the original 18th-century decor elements: the main and three side altars, the pulpit, and the organ. Today, the church serves as the primary parish for the academic community in Warsaw.

The Second Polish Corps' soldiers are commemorated by a monument featuring a headless, winged "Nike" emerging from a shattered column. The monument's base displays the hill of Monte Cassino covered with a shroud, the figure of the Virgin Mary, and scattered helmets. Engraved on the two-meter pedestal are the emblems of the five Polish units that participated in the battle, and the urn containing the ashes of the heroes is covered with a shroud adorned with the Cross of Monte Cassino motif. The sculptor Kazimierz Gustaw Zemla created the monument, which was designed by Wojciech Zabłocki.
The monument was ceremoniously unveiled on May 30th, 1999, coinciding with the 55th anniversary of the battle. Irena Anders, the wife of General Władysław Anders, the commander of the Battle of Monte Cassino, attended the ceremony.

The Catacombs of Paris, located beneath the city of Paris in France, are a network of underground ossuaries that house the remains of over six million individuals. Originally part of a tunnel system constructed to consolidate the city's ancient quarries, this particular ossuary was created as a solution to the overcrowding of Paris's cemeteries. In 1774, a series of basement wall collapses near the Holy Innocents' Cemetery led to the urgent need to eliminate the city's overflowing burial grounds. From 1786, nightly processions of covered wagons transported remains from most of Paris's cemeteries to a mine shaft located near the Rue de la Tombe-Issoire.
Initially forgotten, the ossuary became a popular venue for concerts and private events during the early 19th century. After extensive renovations and the construction of access points around Place Denfert-Rochereau, the site was opened for public visitation in 1874. The Catacombs have been managed by Paris Musées since 2013 and are one of fourteen City of Paris Museums. Although the ossuary only occupies a small section of Paris's underground mines, the entire tunnel network is commonly referred to as the catacombs by locals.

Located on the right bank of the Seine River in the 12th arrondissement, the Gare de Lyon, officially known as Paris-Gare-de-Lyon, is one of the six mainline railway stations in Paris, France. It is estimated that the station handles approximately 148.1 million passengers annually, with SNCF railways and RER D accounting for around 110 million and 38 million on the RER A, respectively. This makes it one of the busiest stations in Europe and the second busiest in France, after the Gare du Nord.
The station, which opened in 1849, is the northern endpoint of the Paris–Marseille railway and is named after the city of Lyon, which is a popular stop for many long-distance trains departing from this station. High-speed TGV trains connect the station to Southern and Eastern France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and Spain, while regional trains and the RER also operate from the station. The Gare de Lyon Métro station is also located here.
The station has two distinct halls, with main line trains departing from 32 platforms. Hall 1, the older train shed, features tracks labelled with letters from A to N, while Hall 2, the modern addition, contains numbered tracks from 5 to 23. Additionally, there are four platforms for the RER located underneath the main lines.

The Palais Garnier, located in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, France, is an opera house that was constructed from 1861 to 1875 at the request of Emperor Napoleon III for the Paris Opera. It was originally known as the new Paris Opera, but it became known as the Palais Garnier due to its luxuriousness and the architect Charles Garnier's distinctive style, which was typical of Napoleon III's era. It was the primary theatre of the Paris Opera and Paris Opera Ballet until the Opéra Bastille opened in 1989, after which it was primarily used for ballet performances. The Palais Garnier has been a French historical monument since 1923 and is regarded as one of the most well-known opera houses in the world.
The Palais Garnier's fame can be attributed to its association with Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel The Phantom of the Opera, which has been adapted into several films and a famous musical. Its status as the most expensive building constructed in Paris during the Second Empire, as well as the only masterpiece of its kind, has also contributed to its renown. However, not all agree on the Palais Garnier's architectural merit, with the 20th-century French architect Le Corbusier describing it as "a lying art." The Palais Garnier also houses the Bibliothèque-Musée de l'Opéra de Paris, which is managed by the Bibliothèque Nationale de France and can be visited on unaccompanied tours of the opera house.

Situated in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, the Tuileries Garden is a public park located between the Louvre and the Place de la Concorde. This is the most significant and oldest park in the French style. Initially designed by Catherine de' Medici as the garden of the Tuileries Palace in 1564, it was opened to the public in 1667 and became a public park after the French Revolution. Since the 19th century, it has been a popular destination for Parisians to celebrate, socialize, stroll, and unwind.

The Seine River flows through northern France for 777 kilometers, originating from Source-Seine near Dijon. It passes through Paris, where 37 bridges cross it, including notable ones like the Pont Alexandre III and Pont Neuf. The river is navigable for most of its length, supporting large barges and tour boats. It ends at the English Channel at Le Havre and Honfleur, marked by the Pont de Normandie, one of the world's longest cable-stayed bridges.

Sacré-Cœur Basilica, also known as the Basilica of Sacré Coeur de Montmartre or simply Sacré-Cœur, is a Roman Catholic church and minor basilica in Paris, France. Its name, French for "Sacred Heart of Montmartre," is dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. On December 8, 2022, the National Commission of Patrimony and Architecture formally approved the basilica as a national historic monument.
Located at the summit of the butte of Montmartre, Sacré-Cœur Basilica overlooks the entire city of Paris and its suburbs from its dome, which sits two hundred meters above the Seine. It is the second most popular tourist destination in Paris, after the Eiffel Tower.
In 1870, Bishop Felix Fournier of Nantes proposed the construction of a new Parisian church dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, following the defeat of France and capture of Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War. He believed that the defeat of France was due to the country's moral decline since the French Revolution.
The basilica's design was selected from among seventy-seven proposals, with architect Paul Abadie's Neo-Byzantine-Romanesque plan chosen. Construction began in 1875 and continued for forty years under the direction of five different architects. After World War I, the basilica was formally consecrated in 1919 upon its completion in 1914.
Sacré-Cœur Basilica has housed perpetual adoration of the Holy Eucharist since 1885 and is associated with the martyrdom of Saint Denis, the patron saint of Paris.

Situated in the western corner of the Tuileries Garden near the Place de la Concorde in Paris, the Musée de l'Orangerie showcases an impressive collection of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings. Among its notable features are the eight massive Water Lilies murals by Claude Monet, which serve as a permanent exhibit. The museum also houses artworks by distinguished artists such as Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri Rousseau, Alfred Sisley, Chaïm Soutine, Maurice Utrillo, and many others.
Located on the bank of the Seine, the gallery occupies the former orangery of the Tuileries Palace, positioned on the Place de la Concorde in close proximity to the Concorde metro station, and just a short distance away from the Louvre and the Musee d'Orsay.

The Rodin Museum, located in Paris, France, is an art museum opened in 1919, that showcases the works of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. The museum comprises of two locations, the Hôtel Biron in central Paris, and the Villa des Brillants in Meudon, Hauts-de-Seine, which was once Rodin's home. The collection features an extensive range of sculptures, drawings, photographs, and objets d'art, totaling 6,600, 8,000, 8,000, and 7,000 respectively. With 700,000 visitors annually, the museum is a popular tourist destination.
When Rodin resided in the Villa des Brillants, he utilized the Hôtel Biron as his workshop starting from 1908. He subsequently donated his entire sculpture collection, including paintings by renowned artists like Vincent van Gogh, Claude Monet, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, to the French State. The only condition was that the buildings should be converted into a museum dedicated to his works. The Musée Rodin features most of Rodin's famous pieces, such as The Thinker, The Kiss, and The Gates of Hell. The garden surrounding the museum displays several sculptures, and there is a dedicated room for Camille Claudel's works and one of the two castings of The Mature Age.
The museum gardens feature numerous sculptures, which are exhibited in natural settings, and behind the museum is a small lake and a relaxed restaurant. Visitors can see some of Rodin's sculptures on the platform at the nearby Métro stop, Varenne.

The Panthéon is a neoclassical monument located in the Latin Quarter of Paris, France, on the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève. It was designed by Jacques-Germain Soufflot and built between 1758 and 1790 on the orders of King Louis XV. Originally intended as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, the patron saint of Paris, it was transformed into a mausoleum during the French Revolution to honor distinguished French citizens.
The Panthéon underwent various changes in purpose throughout the 19th century, alternating between being used as a church and a mausoleum, before finally being decreed exclusively for the latter in 1881 by the French Third Republic. Its architectural style is an early example of Neoclassicism, with a dome influenced by Bramante's Tempietto.
The interior of the Panthéon was modified to give it a darker, more funereal atmosphere, which somewhat compromised Soufflot's initial attempt to combine Gothic and classical principles. The monument is home to the remains of 81 notable French figures, with over half of them being transferred there during Napoleon's rule in the First Empire. The Panthéon remains an important symbol of French history and culture, attracting visitors from all over the world.

Paris, France boasts the world-renowned Père Lachaise Cemetery, sprawling over 44 hectares (110 acres), making it the largest cemetery in the city. The necropolis welcomes more than 3.5 million visitors annually, making it the most frequented resting place in the world. The cemetery is the final resting place for notable artists including Frédéric Chopin, Marcel Proust, Sarah Bernhardt, and Jim Morrison, among others.
The Père Lachaise Cemetery, located in the 20th arrondissement, was the first municipal cemetery and garden cemetery in Paris. Three World War I memorials are also located on the cemetery's grounds. Positioned on the Boulevard de Ménilmontant, the main entrance is conveniently located near the Philippe Auguste metro station on Line 2, while the side entrance near the Père Lachaise metro station, accessible via both Line 2 and Line 3, is 500 meters away.

Situated in the 19th arrondissement of northeastern Paris, France, the Parc des Buttes Chaumont is a public park covering 24.7 hectares (61 acres), making it the fifth-largest park in Paris, following the Bois de Vincennes, Bois de Boulogne, Parc de la Villette, and Tuileries Garden.
It was inaugurated in 1867, during the late period of Napoleon III's reign, and was designed by Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, who was responsible for creating all the major parks requested by the Emperor. The park contains 5.5 kilometres (3.4 miles) of roads and 2.2 kilometres (1.4 miles) of paths, and its most prominent attraction is the Temple de la Sibylle, perched atop a cliff that rises fifty meters above the artificial lake and inspired by the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy.

The Musée Jacquemart-André can be found at 158 Boulevard Haussmann, situated in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. This museum originated from the personal residence of Édouard André (1833-1894) and Nélie Jacquemart (1841-1912), who amassed a significant art collection throughout their lifetimes and established the museum to exhibit their treasures.

The Conciergerie, also known as the Lodge, is a former courthouse and prison situated in Paris, France. Positioned on the western side of the Île de la Cité, below the Palais de Justice, it was originally a part of the Palais de la Cité, the former royal palace that also featured the Sainte-Chapelle. Today, two sizable medieval halls remain from the original palace. During the French Revolution, the Conciergerie incarcerated and tried 2,780 prisoners, including Marie-Antoinette, before dispatching them to various sites for execution by the guillotine. The building is presently a national monument and museum.

The Louis Vuitton Foundation, previously known as the Louis Vuitton Foundation for Creation, is a French art museum and cultural center that is sponsored by LVMH and its subsidiaries. It operates as a separate nonprofit entity as part of LVMH's efforts to promote art and culture. The museum, designed by Frank Gehry, opened in 2014 and is situated next to the Jardin d'Acclimatation in the Bois de Boulogne of the 16th arrondissement of Paris. Over 1.4 million visitors came to the museum in 2017.
Originally estimated to cost €100 million, it was revealed in 2017 that the actual cost of the museum was almost eight times that amount. A 2018 report from the Court of Audit showed that the construction of the building was the main activity of the Foundation between 2007 and 2014. In November 2018, a French anti-corruption group called FRICC filed a complaint against the Louis Vuitton Foundation, alleging fraud and tax evasion in the construction of the museum. FRICC claimed that the nonprofit branch of LVMH was able to deduct around 60% of the museum's construction cost from its taxes and request tax refunds on other costs, resulting in LVMH and the Foundation receiving almost €603 million from the government towards the construction cost of €790 million. However, the case was dismissed in September 2019.

Located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, Les Invalides is home to the Musée de l'Armée, a national military museum of France. It can be easily accessed through the Paris Métro stations Invalides, Varenne, and La Tour-Maubourg.
The Musée de l'Armée was established in 1905 by merging two museums, the Musée d'Artillerie and the Musée Historique de l'Armée. The museum boasts seven primary spaces and departments, each showcasing collections spanning from ancient times to the 20th century.

The oldest designed square in Paris, France is Place des Vosges, formerly known as Place Royale. Situated in the Marais district, it spans across the boundary between the 3rd and 4th arrondissements of Paris. During the 17th and 18th centuries, it was a lavish and costly place to reside, contributing significantly to the stylish reputation of Le Marais among the Parisian nobility.

The Palais Bourbon is the meeting place of the French National Assembly, located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris on the left bank of the Seine River, across from the Place de la Concorde. It was originally built for Louise Françoise de Bourbon, the daughter of Louis XIV and the Marquise de Montespan, beginning in 1722. The palace was completed in 1728 by four different architects: Lorenzo Giardini, Pierre Cailleteau, Jean Aubert, and Jacques Gabriel. During the French Revolution, the palace was nationalized and later became the meeting place of the Council of Five Hundred from 1795 to 1799. In 1806, during Napoleon's reign, a Neoclassical facade designed by Bernard Poyet was added to the palace to mirror the nearby Church of the Madeleine.
Today, the palace complex has a floor area of 124,000 square meters (1,330,000 square feet) and over 9,500 rooms, accommodating the 3,000 people who work there. The complex also includes the Hôtel de Lassay, the official residence of the President of the National Assembly, located on the west side of the Palais Bourbon.

The tomb of Napoleon, located at Les Invalides in Paris, was built to house his mortal remains after they were brought back to France from Saint Helena in 1840, known as "retour des cendres". The initiative was led by Louis Philippe I and his minister Adolphe Thiers. Although the planning for the tomb began in 1840, it was not finished until two decades later. The tomb was ultimately inaugurated by Napoleon III on 2 April 1861, following the deaths of its promoter Louis Philippe I, architect Louis Visconti, and main sculptors James Pradier and Pierre-Charles Simart.

Located on Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France, the Palais de la Découverte is a science museum housed within the Grand Palais. Operating daily, except on Mondays, an admission fee is required to enter the museum.
Jean Baptiste Perrin, the Nobel Prize winner in Physics in 1926, established the museum in 1937 as part of an international exhibition on "Arts and techniques in modern life". Following the exhibition's conclusion, the French government repurposed the museum into a permanent institution, occupying 25,000 square metres within the west wing of the Grand Palais, which was originally built for the Exposition Universelle in 1900 to the designs of architect Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas.
In 2010, the museum merged with the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie to form a new institution named universcience with two locations.
Today, the Palais de la Découverte offers visitors permanent exhibits covering mathematics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, geology, and biology, showcasing interactive experiments accompanied by expert commentary. Additionally, it boasts a Zeiss planetarium featuring a 15-metre dome.

Located at 15 Rue Jean-Goujon in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, the Armenian Apostolic Cathedral is dedicated to John the Baptist and was designed by Albert Guilbert. Its construction took place between 5 October 1902 and 1904, with a total cost of 1.54 million French francs. The initiative to build the cathedral came from an Armenian newspaper in Constantinople in 1902, and the land was acquired by Alexandre Mantashyants, a Baku-based oil magnate, for 450,000 French francs.
In 2018, the cathedral held a requiem in honor of Charles Aznavour on 6 October.

Located in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, southeast of the Champ de Mars, the École Militaire is a collection of buildings that serve as a hub for a variety of military training facilities. King Louis XV founded it in 1750, and it was designed and constructed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel. The building is an operational military academy and has been classified as a national monument since 1990. Visitors can explore the site during the European Heritage Days.

Located on Carmel Hill in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, Park Güell is a privately-owned park system comprising gardens and architectural features. Carmel Hill is part of the Collserola mountain range, and the Parc del Carmel is situated on its northern face.
Park Güell is located in La Salut, a neighborhood within the Gràcia district of Barcelona. Eusebi Güell commissioned Antoni Gaudí, a well-known architect and the embodiment of Catalan modernism, to design the park with urbanization in mind. Construction of the park took place between 1900 and 1914, and it was officially opened to the public in 1926. In 1984, UNESCO recognized the park as a World Heritage Site under "Works of Antoni Gaudí."

Situated in the heart of Barcelona, Casa Batlló is regarded as a masterpiece of Antoni Gaudí's architectural creations. Originally a remodeled house, it was redesigned by Gaudí in 1904 and has undergone numerous refurbishments since then. Gaudí's assistants Domènec Sugrañes i Gras, Josep Canaleta, and Joan Rubió also contributed to the renovation project.
The building is locally known as Casa dels ossos (House of Bones) due to its visceral, skeletal organic quality. It forms part of the Illa de la Discòrdia (Block of Discord), a row of houses on Passeig de Gràcia in the Eixample district designed by prominent Modernista architects of Barcelona.
True to Gaudí's signature style, Casa Batlló's design embodies Modernisme or Art Nouveau in its broadest sense. The ground floor features unusual tracery, irregular oval windows, and sculpted stone work with flowing lines. The façade is adorned with a vibrant mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles (trencadís), with few straight lines in sight. The roof, arched in shape, resembles the back of a dragon or dinosaur. According to popular belief, the feature on the left of center represents the lance of Saint George (the patron saint of Catalonia and Gaudí's home) piercing the back of the dragon.
Casa Batlló was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005, alongside other works of Antoni Gaudí. It is a popular tourist attraction, attracting visitors from all over the world.

La Boqueria, also known as the Mercat de Sant Josep de la Boqueria, is a bustling public market located in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. As a top tourist attraction in the city, La Boqueria is easily accessible from La Rambla and is situated close to the Liceu, Barcelona's opera house. Boasting a wide range of goods, the market offers a diverse selection of products.

The football stadium in Barcelona, Spain known as Camp Nou has been officially renamed as Spotify Camp Nou for sponsorship purposes. Since its completion in 1957, it has been the home of FC Barcelona and has a seating capacity of 99,354, making it the largest stadium in Spain and Europe, and the second largest in the world for association football.
Over the years, Camp Nou has hosted various football competitions, including several finals, such as two European Cup/Champions League finals, two European Cup Winners' Cup finals, and four Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final games. Additionally, it has hosted several Copa del Rey finals, UEFA Super Cup games, Copa de la Liga finals, and twenty-one Supercopa de España finals. The stadium was also used for matches during the 1982 FIFA World Cup, including the opening game, two out of four matches at the 1964 European Nations' Cup, and the final of the football tournament at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
On 15 March 2022, Spotify acquired the naming rights to the stadium for a fee of $310 million in a deal with FC Barcelona. The sponsorship agreement was approved by FC Barcelona's Extraordinary Assembly of Delegate Members on 3 April 2022, and the stadium was officially renamed Spotify Camp Nou on 1 July 2022. Renovation of the stadium is scheduled to begin in June 2022 after the end of the season.

The Palau de la Música Catalana, located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, is a concert hall designed in the Catalan modernista style by Lluís Domènech i Montaner. The Orfeó Català, a choral society founded in 1891, financed most of the construction project between 1905 and 1908. The palace was inaugurated on February 9, 1908, and it played a significant role in the Catalan cultural movement called the Renaixença. In addition to Orfeó Català, the project received financial contributions from wealthy industrialists and the bourgeoisie of Barcelona. The building earned Lluís Domènech i Montaner an award from the Barcelona City Council in 1909, recognizing it as the best building constructed the previous year.
Between 1982 and 1989, Oscar Tusquets and Carles Díaz led the extensive restoration, remodeling, and extension of the building. In 1997, the Palau de la Música Catalana was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site alongside the Hospital de Sant Pau. The Palau hosts various musical performances throughout the year, attracting more than half a million people annually. The shows range from symphonic and chamber music to jazz and Catalan song (Cançó).

Casa Milà, also referred to as La Pedrera due to its distinct rough-cut appearance, is a renowned Modernista edifice located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed by Antoni Gaudí, this building was constructed between 1906 and 1912 and served as the final private residence designed by the famous architect.
The house was commissioned by Pere Milà and his wife Roser Segimon in 1906, and it sparked controversy for its unconventional stone facade, twisting wrought-iron balconies, and design by Josep Maria Jujol. The structure features several innovative elements, including a self-supporting stone facade, a free-plan floor, an underground garage, and a stunning rooftop terrace.
UNESCO designated Casa Milà a World Heritage Site in 1984. Since 2013, the Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera has managed visits, exhibitions, and other cultural and educational events at the building, which now serves as its headquarters.

The Parc de la Ciutadella, also known as Citadel Park, is situated in the northeastern region of Ciutat Vella in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. This park served as the city's solitary green space for several decades after it was established in the mid-1800s. Covering an area of 31 hectares (77 acres), the park boasts various attractions such as the city zoo, which was once home to the famous albino gorilla, Snowflake, until its death in 2003, the Palau del Parlament de Catalunya, a small lake, museums, and a magnificent fountain designed by Josep Fontserè, with possible contributions by the young Antoni Gaudí.
Due to its proximity to the Parliament of Catalonia, tensions regarding Catalan independence in 2018 and 2019 led to police closures of the park to prevent the formation of crowds near the official buildings.

Located in the Montjuïc neighborhood of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, the Magic Fountain of Montjuïc stands at the head of Avinguda Maria Cristina. It was built for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition and is positioned below the Palau Nacional on the Montjuïc mountain, near the Plaça d'Espanya and Poble Espanyol de Barcelona. With 3620 jets that spray 700 gallons of water per second, the fountain is capable of shooting water up to 170 feet high.

The Picasso Museum, located in the La Ribera neighborhood of the Old City in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, is a renowned art museum showcasing an extensive collection of artworks by the renowned Spanish artist of the twentieth century, Pablo Picasso. The museum comprises five medieval palaces on Montcada Street, and boasts a remarkable collection of 4251 works by Picasso. The museum first opened its doors to the public on 9th March 1963, while Picasso was still alive, and was the first museum dedicated solely to his work. It has been declared a museum of national interest by the Government of Catalonia.
The collection of the museum features some of Picasso's earliest works, including The First Communion (1896) and Science and Charity (1897). Moreover, the museum highlights Picasso's profound relationship with the city of Barcelona, which began in his youth and continued until his death.

Situated at the lower end of La Rambla in Catalonia, Spain, the Columbus Monument stands tall at 60 meters (197 feet) and is dedicated to Christopher Columbus. This monument was built in honor of Columbus' inaugural journey to the Americas and was constructed for the Exposición Universal de Barcelona (1888). It serves as a reminder that Columbus reported to Queen Isabella I and King Ferdinand V in Barcelona after his first trip to the new continent.

Central Barcelona features a tree-lined pedestrian street known as La Rambla, stretching for 1.2 km (0.75 mi) and connecting the Plaça de Catalunya to the Christopher Columbus Monument at Port Vell. This street acts as a boundary between the Barri Gòtic neighborhood to the east and El Raval to the west.
During peak tourist season, La Rambla can get crowded due to its popularity, causing a shift in the street's character to include pavement cafes and souvenir kiosks. However, this popularity has also led to an increase in pickpocketing incidents.
The Spanish poet Federico García Lorca once expressed his fondness for La Rambla, stating that it was "the only street in the world which I wish would never end."

The Barcelona Cathedral, officially named The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia, serves as the Gothic-style cathedral and the seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The cathedral's construction began in the thirteenth century and was completed in the fifteenth century, with most of the work taking place in the fourteenth century. The cloister, which surrounds the Font de les Oques (Well of the Geese), was finished in 1448. In the late 1800s, the neo-Gothic façade was added to the cathedral's nondescript exterior, which was typical of Catalan churches. The cathedral's roof stands out due to its collection of gargoyles, showcasing various domestic and mythical animals.

The Arc de Triomf, situated in Catalonia, Spain's city of Barcelona, is a magnificent triumphal arch designed by the renowned architect, Josep Vilaseca i Casanovas. It was constructed as the primary entrance gate for the Barcelona World Fair of 1888, spanning across the broad central pathway of the Passeig de Lluís Companys. The Passeig de Lluís Companys leads to the Ciutadella Park, which occupies the area where the world fair was held. The arch is situated at the north end of the promenade, overlooking the Passeig de Sant Joan.

Located atop Mount Tibidabo in Catalonia's city of Barcelona, the Temple Expiatori del Sagrat Cor is a minor basilica and Roman Catholic church designed by Enric Sagnier, a Catalan architect. The church's construction, which was dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, began in 1902 and was completed in 1961 by Sagnier's son, Josep Maria Sagnier i Vidal.

Joan Miró's monumental sculpture, titled "Dona i Ocell" or "Woman and Bird," stands at a height of 22 meters and can be found within the Parc Joan Miró in Catalonia's Barcelona, Spain. Its surface is adorned with tiles that were added by the artist's collaborator, Joan Gardy Artigas. This impressive sculpture is one of three commissioned artworks by Miró intended to greet visitors to the city of Barcelona.

Plaça d'Espanya, situated in the Sants-Montjuïc district, is a significant square in Barcelona that was constructed for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition held at the base of Montjuïc.

The Gaudí House Museum can be found in Park Güell, Barcelona, and serves as a museum showcasing a range of furniture and objects created by the famous Spanish architect, Antoni Gaudí. This historical home was also once the actual residence of Gaudí himself for nearly two decades, spanning from 1906 until the end of 1925. It officially opened its doors as a historic home museum on September 28th, 1963.

Under the leadership of Josep Lluís Nuñez, the FC Barcelona museum opened its doors on September 24th, 1984. In 2000, the museum underwent a name change to become the President Nuñez museum during the presidency of Joan Gaspart. Following a lengthy restructuring effort, the museum was reintroduced to the public on June 15th, 2010.

Plaça de Catalunya, also known as Catalonia Square in English, is a vast square located at the heart of Barcelona. It serves as the city center and marks the intersection point of the old city (Ciutat Vella's Barri Gòtic and Raval) and the Eixample district built in the 19th century.
Several prominent streets and avenues in Barcelona converge at Plaça Catalunya, including Passeig de Gràcia, Rambla de Catalunya, La Rambla, Portal de l'Àngel, Ronda de Sant Pere, Carrer de Vergara, and Carrer de Pelai. The square spans approximately 50,000 square meters and is known for its stunning fountains and statues, its proximity to popular tourist destinations, and the multitude of pigeons that gather in the center. Additionally, Plaça Catalunya played a crucial role in the Spanish Civil War, notably serving as a site for significant events during the May Days.

Barcino is a sculptural ensemble located in Plaza Nueva, in the Gothic Quarter of Barcelona (Ciutat Vella district). It was created in 1994 by Joan Brossa.

The heart of the Old City of Barcelona and the administrative hub of Catalonia is the Plaça de Sant Jaume in Catalan and known as Saint James's Square in English). The Palace of the Generalitat of Catalonia and the City Hall face each other across this square, making it a crucial location for governance in the region. The square was established in the early 19th century when the old church of Sant Jaume was torn down and City Hall's new main façade was constructed.

Barcelona a Prim is a sculptural monument located in the Ciudadela Park of Barcelona, in the Ciutat Vella district. It was created in 1887 with an architectural design by Josep Fontserè, while the sculptural part was created by Lluís Puiggener.
The original work was destroyed in 1936, and was replaced in 1948 by another one elaborated by Frederic Marès. The monument is dedicated to the Catalan military and politician Juan Prim y Prats (Reus, 1814 - Madrid, 1870), President of the Council of Ministers of Spain and one of the architects of the Revolution of 1868. This work is registered as a Cultural Heritage of Local Interest (BCIL) in the Inventory of Catalan Cultural Heritage with the code 08019/870.

The monument in memory of repressed gays, lesbians, and transgender people is a monument erected on March 21, 2011 in the Parque de la Ciudadela by the City Council of Barcelona (Spain).

The Güell Pavilions, also known as Pavellons Güell, is a collection of structures situated in the Pedralbes neighborhood of Barcelona. Designed by the Catalan Modernist architect Antoni Gaudí, the buildings were constructed between 1884 and 1887.

The Prado Museum in Madrid is a renowned Spanish national art museum housing one of the world's most significant collections of European art, dating from the 12th to the early 20th century. Its collection includes over 8,200 drawings, 7,600 paintings, 4,800 prints, and 1,000 sculptures. Works by famous artists such as Goya, Bosch, Rubens, Titian, and Velázquez are some of the highlights. Despite a drop in attendance due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the museum remains one of the most-visited museums globally and is part of Madrid's Golden Triangle of Art, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The Town square, also known as Plaza Mayor in Spanish, is a prominent public area situated in the center of Madrid, the capital city of Spain. In the past, it served as the focal point of Old Madrid, and its construction took place between 1580 and 1619, under the rule of Philip III. Notably, another well-known square, the Puerta del Sol, is located just a few blocks from it.

The Parque del Buen Retiro, also known as Retiro Park or El Retiro, is a vast urban park in Madrid, Spain. It was formerly the property of the Spanish Monarchy until the end of the 19th century when it was opened as a public park. Recently, in 2021, Buen Retiro Park was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list as part of a joint inscription with Paseo del Prado.
Located at the outskirts of the city centre, near the Puerta de Alcalá and in close proximity to the Prado Museum, lies the 1.4 km² (350 acres) Buen Retiro Park. This park boasts of beautiful gardens, statues, monuments, galleries, an artificial lake, and event venues, all located within its grounds. Notably, the park is completely surrounded by the modern-day city.

The MNCARS, also known as the Queen Sofía National Museum Art Centre, is Spain's national museum of 20th-century art located in Madrid, close to the Atocha train and metro stations. It forms a part of the Golden Triangle of Art along with the Museo del Prado and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, situated on the Paseo del Prado.
The museum is dedicated primarily to Spanish art and boasts impressive collections of the country's two greatest 20th-century artists, Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí. Among its most famous artworks is Picasso's Guernica, created in 1937. With a vast collection and multiple galleries, the museum regularly hosts temporary exhibitions of both national and international significance, establishing its status as one of the world's largest modern and contemporary art museums. Although its 2021 attendance figures of 1,643,108 visitors saw a 32% increase from 2020, it fell short of 2019's numbers due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. It ranked eighth on the list of most-visited art museums globally in 2021.
Moreover, the museum provides access to a specialized art library with over 100,000 books, more than 3,500 sound recordings, and almost 1,000 videos, which are available to the public free of charge.

The Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum, also known as the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, is an art museum situated near the Prado Museum in Madrid, Spain. Named after its founder, it forms part of the "Golden Triangle of Art" alongside the Prado and the Reina Sofía national galleries. The museum's collection complements its counterparts' holdings, filling gaps in historical works such as Italian primitives, English, Dutch, and German schools in the Prado, and Impressionists, Expressionists, and European and American paintings from the 20th century in the Reina Sofía.
With more than 1,600 paintings, the Thyssen-Bornemisza was previously the world's second-largest private collection after the British Royal Collection. In 1987-88, a competition was held to house the collection's core after the museum's founder, Baron Thyssen, failed to secure permission to expand his museum in Lugano (Villa Favorita) and searched for a more suitable location elsewhere in Europe.

The Market of San Miguel, located in the square of the same name, next to the Plaza Mayor in Madrid (Spain), is a privately owned market whose most remarkable feature is that it preserves its original iron structure from the early 20th century. It has two floors and a surface area of 1200 square meters.
Located in the center of historic Madrid and with over 10 million visitors per year, the Mercado de San Miguel is the gastronomic temple of the city of Madrid, the contemporary essence of all corners of Spanish gastronomy. From the best Iberian ham to the freshest seafood daily arriving from Galicia, Mediterranean rice dishes or the most special cheeses from Castilla, Asturias or the Basque Country. First-class products and wines that come from all corners of Spain. Inaugurated in May 1916 as a market for provisions, in May 2009 it became the first gastronomic market in Madrid, offering a wide variety of products to its visitors.

The Templo de Debod, also known as the Temple of Debod, is an Egyptian temple of antiquity that was disassembled and reconstructed in the heart of Madrid, Spain. It was moved as part of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia and can now be found in Parque de la Montaña, a square situated on Calle de Irún, 21-25 in Madrid.

Madrid's Puerta del Sol, a bustling public square and one of the city's most iconic landmarks, serves as the central point (Km 0) for Spain's radial road network. This lively square is home to a renowned clock whose chimes signal the customary consumption of the Twelve Grapes and the commencement of a new year. Since December 31, 1962, the New Year's festivities have been televised live by prominent networks such as Atresmedia and RTVE.

The Palacio Real de Madrid, or the Royal Palace of Madrid, was once the official residence of the Spanish royal family in Madrid but is now only used for state ceremonies. It boasts 135,000 m2 (1,450,000 sq ft) of floor space and houses an impressive 3,418 rooms, making it the largest royal palace in Europe.
While the palace is open to the public, visitors are only allowed to see a selection of rooms on the visitor route at any given time, with the route changing every few months due to the palace's enormous size. Admission is €13, but there are times when it is free. The palace is owned by the Spanish state and managed by the Patrimonio Nacional, which is a public agency of the Ministry of the Presidency. It is located on Calle de Bailén in the western part of downtown Madrid, east of the Manzanares River, and can be reached via the Ópera metro station. However, the current Spanish monarch, Felipe VI, and his family reside in the Palace of Zarzuela in El Pardo instead of the Royal Palace of Madrid.
The Royal Palace of Madrid sits on the site of a former Muslim-era fortress that was built by Emir Muhammad I of Córdoba in the 9th century. During the late Middle Ages, the impressive Alcázar of Madrid served as both a safe for the royal treasure and a habitual residence for the Trastámara monarchs. The royal alcázar was expanded during the 16th century, but it burned down on December 24, 1734. In its place, a new palace was built from scratch for the Bourbon dynasty between 1738 and 1755. The construction was led by Filippo Juvarra and Giovanni Battista Sacchetti, who worked in collaboration with Ventura Rodríguez, Francesco Sabatini, and Martín Sarmiento. During the Second Spanish Republic, the building was known as the "Palacio Nacional."
Inside the Royal Palace of Madrid, visitors can admire the wealth of art and the use of many fine materials in the construction and decoration of its rooms. The palace houses paintings by renowned artists such as Caravaggio, Juan de Flandes, Francisco de Goya, and Velázquez, as well as frescoes by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Corrado Giaquinto, and Anton Raphael Mengs. The building also houses other collections of great historical and artistic significance, including the Royal Armoury of Madrid, porcelain, watches, furniture, silverware, and the only complete Stradivarius string quintet in the world.

The Santa María la Real de La Almudena, also known as Almudena Cathedral, is a Catholic church located in Madrid, Spain. It serves as the principal church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid. In 1993, the cathedral was consecrated by Pope John Paul II.

Located in Madrid's Buen Retiro Park, the Palacio de Cristal (or "Glass Palace") is a conservatory dating back to the 19th century. Nowadays, it serves as a venue for art exhibitions.
The Palacio de Cristal takes the form of a Greek cross and is constructed mostly from glass set within an iron framework on a brick base adorned with ceramics. Its height exceeds 22 meters due to its cupola.
Although the Delicias station in Madrid, a work of French architecture erected in 1880, had already featured large-scale glass and iron construction, the curved design of the Palacio de Cristal is more reminiscent of the techniques pioneered by British architects Joseph Paxton and Decimus Burton. The former was responsible for London's Crystal Palace while the latter designed the Palm House at Kew Gardens.
One of the main venues of the 1887 Philippines Exposition, the Palacio de Cristal's cast-iron frame was produced in Bilbao. The building was designed to be easily disassembled and reassembled in a new location, as was done with the equivalent structure in London. However, it still stands next to a lake on its original site, where it has been restored to its original appearance.
Currently, the Palacio de Cristal is used for art exhibitions and is no longer used as a greenhouse.

Located in Madrid, Spain, the Puerta de Alcalá is a Neo-classical gate situated at the Plaza de la Independencia. Originally a gate of the Walls of Philip IV, it was constructed to replace a smaller gate and provide access to the city of Alcalá. The gate stands just a few meters away from the main entrance to the Parque del Buen Retiro and is bisected by Alcalá Street, from where the Alfonso XII, Serrano, and Olózaga streets originate. The name of the gate comes from the path that led from Madrid to the nearby town of Alcalá de Henares.
During the late 18th century, Madrid was surrounded by medieval walls and lacked aesthetic appeal. In 1774, King Charles III tasked Francesco Sabatini with constructing a grand gate that would serve as the entrance to an expanded road leading to the city of Alcalá. The gate was completed in 1778 and is known for its ornamental details, which were sculpted by Francisco Gutiérrez and Roberto Michel, and constructed using white stone from Colmenar. The architectural elements, on the other hand, were made from granite sourced from Segovia.

The Plaza de Cibeles, located in Madrid, is a renowned square featuring an impressive neo-classical complex adorned with marble sculptures and fountains. It has come to represent the essence of the city. Situated at the convergence of Calle de Alcalá (east-west direction), Paseo de Recoletos (north), and Paseo del Prado (south), this square was originally known as Plaza de Madrid. However, in 1900, the City Council renamed it Plaza de Castelar, only to be eventually replaced by its current name.
The square is flanked by four notable buildings: the Bank of Spain Building, the Palacio de Buenavista, the Palace of Linares (also known as "Palacio de Linares"), and the Cybele Palace (also known as "Palacio de Cibeles"). These structures belong to distinct neighborhoods within three adjacent districts: Centro, Retiro, and Salamanca.
Throughout time, the Cybele Palace and its fountain have emerged as iconic landmarks of the city, symbolizing its rich heritage and cultural significance.

The Fountain of Cybele, also known as Fuente de Cibeles or La Cibeles, is an elegant neoclassical fountain located in Madrid, Spain. Situated at the heart of Plaza de Cibeles, this fountain features a captivating sculptural ensemble depicting Cybele, a revered deity associated with the earth and fertility in Phrygian mythology. Over the years, it has evolved into a symbolic representation of the city and has become one of its most renowned landmarks.

Located on Cibeles Square, the Telecommunications Palace, named the Cibeles Palace since 2011, is one of the most beautiful and functional buildings in Madrid. Initially, the building, executed in the Neo-Churrigueresque style characterized by an abundance of decorative details and a mixture of elements from several architectural directions, housed the main office of Spain's postal services. It was later replaced by the central office of the Universal Postal Union, and in 2007, it was taken over by the city's town hall. In 1993, the building was designated a Spanish cultural heritage site, after which the palace was converted into a multifunctional center open to visitors, where one can spend time beneficially by attending various cultural and entertainment events.

Plaza de España, which means 'Spain Square' in Spanish, is a vast square that serves as a beloved attraction for tourists. It is situated in the heart of Madrid, Spain, at the western terminus of the renowned Gran Vía. The square boasts a striking monument dedicated to the esteemed Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra and is conveniently located near two prominent skyscrapers that dominate Madrid's skyline. Furthermore, a brief stroll southwards from the plaza leads to the magnificent Royal Palace, known as the Palacio Real. Following an extensive two and a half years of renovation, the square joyfully reopened its doors to pedestrians on November 22, 2021.
The shootings depicted in Francisco de Goya's painting, "The Third of May 1808," took place in what is now known as the Plaza. During 1808, this area formed part of the Príncipe Pío hill and served as a site where French firing squads executed prisoners captured during the May 2nd uprising.

The Monument to Miguel de Cervantes stands as a prominent public artwork situated in Madrid, Spain. Positioned at the heart of Plaza de España, it pays tribute to Miguel de Cervantes, an esteemed figure hailed as the preeminent writer in the Spanish language. This magnificent monument features a towering stone monolith adorned with various statues, including a depiction of Cervantes himself. Additionally, a separate bronze sculptural ensemble portrays the iconic characters of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza.

Leon Schiller, a notable Polish director and theater theorist, was born in 1887 in Kraków and died in 1954 in Warsaw. He directed the acclaimed play "Dziady" in 1934, survived World War II imprisonment with a ransom, and post-war, led the National Drama School in Łódź and founded "Pamiętnik Teatralny". The brown bust of Polish theater director Leon Schiller was created by Marian Wnuk in 1961. The monument was unveiled near the building of the Polish Theatre in November 1988.

Adam Adolf Loewe and Józef Orłowski designed the building of the New Orangery (constructed in 1860-1861) to house orange trees and exotic plants during cool days, which were displayed in the garden during the summer. Among them were camphor trees, magnolias, myrtles, pomegranates, and cypresses.

Aurora, also known as "the Pagan Woman" as named by its sculptor, is a stunning white marble sculpture crafted by the renowned Polish artist, Zofia Trzcińska-Kamińska. This sculpture beautifully embodies Aurora, the goddess of the Aurora phenomenon and dawn. Depicted as a youthful, unclothed woman, she gazes longingly in search of the morning light.
Aurora, alternatively referred to as Eos, holds a significant place in mythology. According to ancient tales, this goddess with rosy fingers would open the gates of heaven for the sun chariot. In various works of art, she is often portrayed as a delicate and exquisitely beautiful figure.
Created in 1919, the statue found its home in the southern region of the Royal Łazienki park during the 1930s. It forms an integral part of the symbolic design of the Royal Łazienki. Stanisław August himself drew parallels between his own likeness and Apollo, the Sun god, depicted on the ceiling of the Royal Theatre in the Old Orangery.

St. Charles Borromeo Church - a church located at 21 Chłodna Street in the Mirowo district of Warsaw. It was built between 1841 and 1849 in the neorenaissance style according to the design by Henryk Marconi.

Located in the heart of Warsaw, Poland, the Zachęta National Gallery of Art (Polish: Zachęta Narodowa Galeria Sztuki) stands as a modern art museum. Its primary mission is to showcase and promote contemporary Polish art and artists. While the gallery has gained international recognition through its diverse array of temporary exhibitions featuring renowned foreign artists, its core focus remains on nurturing the local art scene.
The name "Zachęta" derives from the Polish word for "encouragement." The gallery pays homage to the historical organization known as Towarzystwo Zachęty do Sztuk Pięknych (Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts), which was established in Warsaw in 1860.

Designed by landscape architect Irena Bajerska, this garden spans an impressive one-hectare area, making it one of the largest roof gardens in Europe. Notably, this serene sanctuary is not only accessible to academia but also open to the general public.

The renowned library stands out as an intriguing architectural marvel in Poland. Its captivating design blends exposed concrete, vibrant green glass, and flourishing vegetation that adorns its façade, leaving a lasting impact. Beyond its striking exterior, the library houses an extensive assortment of books and magazines from across the globe, while also hosting an array of shops, cafes, and restaurants. A must-visit within the library is the Polish Poster Gallery, showcasing an exceptional collection of post-war posters, encompassing film, theater, and political themes.

The Government of Peru gifted the University of Warsaw a monument to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the university's establishment and the 400th anniversary of the death of a Peruvian scholar. This event took place in October 2016, during the tenure of Rector Marcin Palys.

A memorial stands at 58 Grzybowska Street, honoring the brave soldiers of the "Chrobry II" Resistance Group and the "Sowiński" Battalion. These courageous individuals fought valiantly to protect the Haberbush and Schiele Brewery during the Warsaw Uprising.
During that tumultuous time, the brewery's barley reserves provided sustenance for both the insurgents and the civilian population. The memorial plaque, generously funded by the Warsaw Breweries, was unveiled on August 1, 1997. In recent years, from 2017 to 2020, construction work took place on the former Warsaw Breweries site. Following thorough consultations with the veteran community and obtaining the necessary approvals, the plaque underwent renovation and was relocated to a more prominent position at 58 Grzybowska Street.

The statue of Pope John Paul II is located at pl. Bankowy in front of the John Paul II Collection Museum.

The boundary markers of the Warsaw Ghetto serve as memorial plaques and lines that designate the outer limits of the former ghetto created by Nazi Germany in 1940 during the occupation of Warsaw, Poland.
These markers were installed between 2008 and 2010 at 22 locations along the borders of the Jewish quarter. These sites include the gateways to the ghetto, the wooden footbridges that connected the ghetto to non-Jewish areas, and significant buildings that played a crucial role in the lives of the ghetto's inhabitants from 1940 to 1943.

Situated on Długa Street 13/15, near Warsaw's Old Town, stands the Field Cathedral of the Polish Army. Also known as the Church of Our Lady Queen of the Polish Crown, it serves as the prominent garrison church of Warsaw and represents the entire Polish Army. Throughout history, this significant cathedral has played various roles and catered to diverse communities. Initially, it served as the church of the Collegium Nobilium, and in the 19th century, it underwent a transformation into a Russian Orthodox church. Presently, it hosts all major military religious ceremonies in Warsaw. Notably, the cathedral stands in close proximity to the Heroes of the Warsaw Uprising Monument and Krasiński Square.

The Krasiński Garden, situated in the Muranów estate of the Śródmieście (City Centre) borough, is a beautiful city park nestled behind the Krasiński Palace in Warsaw.

The Norblin Factory Museum is a fascinating testament to the industrial heritage of the former ‘Norblin, Buch Brothers and T. Werner’ factory, which was renowned for its production of plated metal household goods in the 19th and early 20th centuries. As part of the revitalization efforts, the museum was established, showcasing the history and artifacts of the factory.

The Carmelite Church, also referred to as the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and of Saint Joseph, is a Roman Catholic church renowned for its neoclassical-style façade, which was constructed between 1761 and 1783, the Carmelite Church stands out as one of Warsaw's most remarkable architectural landmarks. Its distinctive feature includes twin belfries designed in the shape of censers.

The Lech Kaczyński Monument on Józef Piłsudski Square in Warsaw is a monument erected in November 2018, in front of the Warsaw Garrison Command building. It was designed by sculptors Stanisław Szwechowicz and Jan Raniszewski to commemorate President Lech Kaczyński. The monument was unveiled on November 10, 2018.

A nine-meter white granite cross was unveiled at Piłsudski Square on June 6, 2009, commemorating Pope John Paul II's first visit to Warsaw as Pope and the vigil held at his death. Inscribed with his sermon quote, the ceremony was led by Warsaw's Mayor and Archbishop, with the design by Mierzwiaka, Kuciński, and Wilczak.

At Marshall Józef Piłsudski Square in Warsaw, adjacent to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, stands a monument that serves as a solemn tribute to the tragic event that occurred in 2010—the crash of the Polish Tu-154M plane in Smolensk. The monument poignantly honors the memory of the 96 victims who lost their lives in that fateful incident.

The Castle of Punta de n'Amer (known as "es Castell" among the villagers) is a fortified tower located on Punta de n'Amer, in the municipality of Sant Llorenç del Cardassar (Mallorca). It is situated at an altitude of approximately 35 meters and was built in the last decade of the 17th century. Along with the Fort of Cala Llonga, it constituted the main defensive structure of the eastern part of Mallorca.

Mare de Déu del Carme is a Roman Catholic church located in Porto Cristo, on the Spanish Mediterranean island of Mallorca. It is situated in the town center of Porto Cristo, which belongs to the city of Manacor, at Plaça del Carme 17.
The first church was built between May 10th and early July of the year 1890. In 1914, a Way of the Cross and a small organ were added. Over time, the church underwent several expansions. Its current form was consecrated in August 1949.
It is a single-nave neo-Romanesque basilica with side chapels. A slender church tower rises at the northwest corner. The interior of the church is covered by a slightly pointed barrel vault.

The Drach Caves are four large caves located on the Spanish island of Mallorca, in the Balearic Islands. They are situated in the municipality of Manacor, near the town of Porto Cristo, where the Hams Caves are also located. The caves are open to the public year-round. They extend to a depth of 25 meters and have a length of 1.2 kilometers.
The four caves, named the Black Cave (Cova Negra), White Cave (Cova Blanca), Luis Salvador Cave (Cova de Lluís Salvador), and French Cave (Cova dels Francesos), are interconnected. The caves have been formed by the action of rainwater, and some scholars believe that their formation dates back to the Miocene, between 11 and 5.3 million years ago.

The monument in Palma's Plaza de España honors King James I, completed in 1927 after being initiated by Ignacio Farran and finished by Enric Clarassó i Daudí. King James I, ruling from 1213 to 1276, expanded the Crown of Aragon across multiple regions and contributed significantly to maritime law and Catalan culture. His reign focused on southern expansion and consolidating Aragonese power.

The Church of Santa Catalina de Siena, located on Carrer de Sant Miquel in Palma de Mallorca, is an ancient medieval temple and one of the city's oldest.